Carter Page, a foreign policy adviserย for Donald Trumpย during the 2016 presidential campaign,ย has been mentionedย repeatedly in news coverage about the ongoing investigation into the Trump campaign’s alleged ties to Russia.ย ย
Pageย owns the New York City firm Global Energy Capital LLC, located right next to Trump Tower, and lived and worked in Russia for a few years. Beyond that, however, he comes acrossย as somewhatย of an enigma, with little known about his past.ย Yetย his own scholarly writingsย on the topics of geopolitics, energy, and climate, along with other career details, reviewed by DeSmog, may offer deeper insight intoย who Page is and how he came to assume the role of a Trump foreign policyย adviser.
Page left the campaign in September 2016 after it was revealed he had visited Moscow, Russia in early July to give a speech at the New Economic School titled, โThe Evolution of the World Economy: Trends and Potential,โ just weeks before the Republican National Convention (RNC). Page eventually confirmed he had metย with Russia’s ambassador to the U.S., Sergey Kislyak, at the RNC, but says it was a brief conversation and one among many he had with variousย ambassadors.
โThe perspectives of mutual respect, equality, and mutual benefit both acknowledge the relative contributions of diverse parties while aligning closely with the respective competing economic models,โ Page said in his July speech, in which he pointed to the โGreat Gameโ theory of foreign policy in Central Asia as an anachronism. โFree market approaches have tended to incentivize positive relative performance by corporations through its inherent architecture of encouraging mutual benefits for shareholders andย management.โ
โGreat Gameโ is a theory originating in the 1904 article โThe Geographical Pivot of History,โ written byย Halford Mackinder, a British academic. It stated that the battle for geopolitical global dominance lay in Central Asia, calling the territory theย โHeartland.โ
An overarching theme of Page’s scholarship is his preference for international business collaboration in the private sector ratherย than competition between nation-states. He did not respond to a request for comment for thisย story.
Steeleย Dossier
Page was also mentionedย in the unverified dossier,ย now playing a guiding role of the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s (FBI) probe into the Trump campaign’s ties to Russia, which was writtenย by former British MI6 agentย Christopher Steele. According to that dossier,ย Page may have been offered a brokerage feeย โย if U.S. economic sanctions toward Russia were lifted โย for what became the December sale of a 19.5 percentย stake in Russian state-owned oil company Rosneft. That stake in the company was sold to the Qatar Investment Authority andย Glencore.
However, Page denied he received any stake in the deal, also denying he ever spoke to anyone about it, in a recent letter he submitted to the U.S. House Intelligence Committee. He wrote, โI have never met with any member of that companyโs executiveย management.โ
Clinton, Bush Whiteย House
Though often portrayed to the contrary, the Trump campaign was not Page’s first dip into U.S. politics. In 2000, President Bill Clinton named him a semi-finalist to become a White Houseย Fellow.
โWhite House Fellows spend a year serving the President as full-time paid special assistants to members of the Cabinet and senior White House staff,โ explained the Clinton White House. โThe more than 500 alumni of the program have gone on to become leaders in all fields of endeavor, fulfilling the fellowship’s mission to encourage active citizenship and service to theย nation.โ
Page was also later named a regional finalist for the same White House fellowship by President George W. Bush inย 2007.ย
โCarter Page,ย PhDโ
During the campaign, Donald Trumpย introduced Pageย simply as โCarter Page, PhD,โ when he named his foreign policy advisory team in March 2016. Page obtained his PhD at the University of London’s School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS). While there, heย wrote a dissertationย published in 2011 under the title,ย The influence of semiperipheral powers on the balance between capitalism and socialism in Central Asia: an analysis of Russias [sic] impact on governance and the regional energy sector 1987-2007.
Page also contributed a chapter on energy geopolitics in Central Asiaย and the Caspian Sea region toย the 2004 academic bookย The Caspian: Politics, Energy and Security. In his chapter, heย gently critiques U.S. foreign policy elites for promoting oil and gas extraction in the region over human rights. During this time, heย was working for Merrill Lynch’s global equity capital markets groupย as its business manager for the Europe, Middle East, and Africa region.ย He would eventually become chief operating officerย of the company’s energy and powerย group.
โWhile many of the political battles that the U.S. has waged in the Caspian have been held in the energy and security arenas, Washington has also given some limited attention to the social condition of the people of these regions. This has consisted of a fairly low-profile attempt at improving the social situation,โ wrote Page in thatย chapter.
โHowever, perhaps the element of U.S. policy that has been most challenging has been seen in the shortfall in attempts to bolster observance of human rights โฆ In most instances, these objectives have lagged behind the broader geopolitical goals of increasing oil reserves and enhancing security in Centralย Asia.โ
In the chapter, Page also calls for increased โnegotiation, understanding and co-operationโ between the U.S. and the Central Asian states, which he correctly points out have troubled human rights records.
While completing his PhD, Page incorporated Global Energy Capital LLCย in New York in 2008, which he co-runs with Sergei Yatsenko, a former executive at the Russian state-own gas company Gazprom. Page also founded another company in 2013, Global Natural Gas Ventures LLC, which went defunct in July 2015, according to documents filed with the Oklahoma Department ofย State.
Image credit:ย Oklahoma Secretary ofย State
Climate Change in Paris and Fossil Fuels in theย Caspian
Before the December 2015 United Nations climate negotiations in Paris, France, Page wrote an article for theย Global Policy Journal, in which he expressed both concern over climate change and his take on some solutions.ย ย
โJust as protesters have historically expressed impatience with the current status quo and related policies, the growing momentum surrounding clean energy innovation can be observed in many civil society and business initiatives being unveiled in Paris,โ Pageย wrote.ย
โGiven the potential stakes of the future manifestation of catastrophic climate change, this field increasingly offers a rare case study of collaborative interaction across diverse states given the fertile ground for international cooperation. Political solutions based on respect and understanding might only be ripe for progress when the shared risks are soย high.โ
Before entering academia, Pageย served as an International Affairs Fellow at the industry-funded and influential Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), โwhere his research focused on the economic development of the former Soviet Union and the Middle East, with an emphasis on Caspian Sea energy resource issues,โ according to his biography published in the 2004ย book.
According to a transcript from a 2007 CFR event, Page then โrepresent[ed] the companiesโ aiming to tap into the oil and gas reserves near the Caspian Sea. The companies involved in onshore drilling in Kazakhstanโs Tengiz field include ExxonMobil, Chevron, Kazakhstani state-owned company KazMunayGas, and Russian state-owned company LukArco (then co-owned by BP), which together created a joint venture named Tengizchevroil.
โBright and Capableย Individualโ
As an undergraduate student at the U.S. Naval Academy, Page penned a 1993 senior honors thesis titled, โBalancing Congressional Needs for classified Information: A case study of the Strategic Defense Initiative.โ Ironically, the ongoing congressional and U.S. intelligence community investigation over Russia’s intervention in the 2016 U.S. election cycle has opened up a debate over what information should remain classified and what information should be presented directly to the U.S.ย public.
Image credit: U.S. Navalย Academy
While at the Naval Academy, Page also worked as a research fellow for the House Armed Services Committee from September 1992 to May 1993. Heย worked on behalf of U.S Rep. Les Aspin (D-WI) (who represented the district now represented by House Republican Majority Leader Paul Ryan) and then U.S. Rep. Ron Dellums (D-CA). Aspin went on to serve as President Bill Clintonโs first Secretary ofย Defense.
During the transition period between the George H.W. Bush presidency and the Bill Clinton presidency, Page worked on the Clinton transition team. After graduating from the Naval Academy, Page worked on nuclear affairs and international policy at theย Pentagon.
โIt has been a long time,โ his senior thesis advisor, U.S. Naval Academy political science professor Steve Frantzich, toldย the publication Brightest Young Things in a recent interview. โWhatever one thinks of his politics, Carter is a very bright and capableย individual.โ
Main image credit: Russiaย TV, YouTubeย screenshot
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