Freedom School
Background
Freedom School was a school promoting radical libertarian ideas. It wasย foundedย in Colorado in 1956 by the businessman and theorist Robert LeFevre. Charles Koch was aย trusteeย of the sch ool and encouraged his three brothers and friends to attend. Koch alsoย helpedย fund the school, according to Gus diZerega, a former friend.1Jane Mayer. “Covert Operations,”ย The New Yorker, August 23, 2010.ย Archived July 27, 2019. Archive.fo URL:ย https://archive.fo/nZPhI 2Jane Mayer. “Who Sponsored the Hate?”ย The New Yoker, March 15, 2016.ย Archived July 27, 2019. Archive.fo URL:ย https://archive.fo/CwUdb
The school ran summer courses teaching the โlibertarian philosophy of freedom from all institutional control and of menโs absolute rights,โย according to anย article in theย Harvard Crimson. The same article claimed the school only accepted students who were โwilling to be convincedโ of the philosophy, reserving the right to โsend home any incorrigibles.โ3Michael S. Lottman. โColorado’s Freedom School Preaches Absolute Rights of Individual Man,โ The Harvard Crimson, December 17, 1959. Archived July 27, 2019. Archive.fo URL:ย https://archive.vn/JKFCb
The schoolย onlyย admitted white students, with LeFevre explainingโas theย New York Times reportedโthat “it might present a housing problem because some of his [LeFevre’s] students are segregationists.”4Donald Janson. “Conservatives at Freedom School to Prepare a New Federal Constitution,” The New York Times, June 13, 1965. Archived August 29, 2025. Archive URL:https://archive.ph/3HXIgย Accordingย to theย New Yorker, the Freedom School taught a “revisionist version of American history in which it was argued that the Civil War should not have been fought, the South should have been allowed to secede, and slavery was a lesser evil than military conscription.”5Jane Mayer. โWho Sponsored the Hate?โ The New Yorker, March 15, 2016.ย Archived July 27, 2019. Archive.fo URL:ย https://archive.fo/CwUdb
A description from advertising materials and flyers retrieved from the Internet Archive via The Right Wing Collection of the University of Iowa Libraries describes a threat of communism:6“Freedom School 0000,” University of Iowa, Libraries, and Microfilming Corporation of America. 1977. The Right Wing Collection of the University of Iowa Libraries [1918-1977 on Microfilm]. Glen Rock, N.J.: Microfilming Corp. of America. Retrieved from the Internet Archive. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
โIt would be difficult today to find many Americans who sincerely give their support to communism. Of course, many seem to favor socialism, the growing power of government, more regulation of the lives of others. Curiously, while we seem to feel that others should be controlled, most of us rebel at efforts of others to control us.
โSince most of us apparently are opposed to communism, why is it that the threat of communism does not seem to abate? Why is there a growing realization that, at least for now, those who favor individual liberty, self-government and free enterprise are at a disadvantage in the overall scheme of things?
โIf most of us don’t want communism, or even socialism, why does it appear that these collectivist movements are gaining, not losing strength?โ
Guest lecturers at the school included Frank Chodorov, F. A. Harper, Leonard Read, Rose Wilder Lane, Hans Sennholz, and Roy Childs, according to the Cato Institute‘s Libertarianism.org website.7โLeFevre, Robert (1911-1986),โ Libertarianism.org. Archived July 27, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/sOszu
Rampart College Years
By 1963, Freedom School had been renamed Rampart College.8โFreedom School,โ Douglas County Colorado. Archived July 27, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/dQn0D
According to Jane Mayer’s reporting for The New Yorker, a 1965 New York Times article described the school as so anti-government that it proposed getting rid of the original U.S. Constitution in favor of a version that limited the governmentโs authority to impose โcompulsory taxation.”9Jane Mayer. โThe Secrets of Charles Kochโs Political Ascent,โ Politico, January 18, 2016. Archived July 27, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/DCcdC
Rampart College produced the Rampart Journal of Individualist Thought, edited by Robert LeFevre. The Spring 1966 issue of the journal included essays by Harry Elmer Barnes and James J. Martin, historians well-known for Holocaust denial. Martin also ran the school’s history department. Barnes’s essay included the following passage:10Rampart Journal of Individualist Thought, Vol. II No. 1 (Spring 1966). Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
โEven if one were to accept the most extreme and exaggerated indictment of Hitler and the national socialists for their activities after 1939 made by anybody fit to remain outside a mental hospital, it is almost alarmingly easy to demonstrate that the atrocities of the Allies in the same period were more numerous as to victims and were carried out for the most part by methods more brutal and painful than alleged extermination in gas ovens.โ
Libertarian economist Murray N. Rothbard, co-founder of the Center for Libertarian Studies, also contributed to the Spring 1966 issue of the journal.11Rampart Journal of Individualist Thought, Vol. II No. 1 (Spring 1966). Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
In his book Radicals for Capitalism: A Freewheeling History of the Modern American Libertarian Movement, author Brian Doherty contended that not everyone was converted to libertarianism by the school. According to Doherty, after the Rockford, Illinois Chamber of Commerce sent a group of local high school teachers to Rampart College, the teachers reported back that “we do not believe that the Chamber wants us to teach that there should be no government.โ12Brian Doherty. “Radicals for Capitalism: A Freewheeling History of the Modern American Libertarian Movement,” Public Affairs, 2009.
In 1968, LeFevre was forced to close Rampart College due to flood damage dating back to 1965. He subsequently opened a โRampart Schoolโ in California, which operated until 1975.13โLeFevre, Robert (1911-1986),โ Libertarianism.org. Archived July 27, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/sOszu
Stance on Climate Change
The Freedom School does not appear to have any official statements on record regarding climate change.
Funding
Koch also helped fund the school, according to Gus diZerega, a former friend. The school also received funding from the writer Rose Wilder Lane, considered one of the founders of the American libertarian movement and the daughter of Laura Ingalls Wilder, author of Little House on the Prairie.14Jane Mayer. โCovert Operations,โ The New Yorker, August 23, 2010. Archived July 27, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/nZPhI 15Christine Woodside. โHow ‘Little House on the Prairie’ Built Modern Conservatism,โ Politico Magazine, September 11, 2016. Archived March 30, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.fo/mReTV
The school was also supported by the Rockford, Illinois-based Ingersoll Milling Machine Company, according to Brian Doherty.16Brian Doherty. “Radicals for Capitalism: A Freewheeling History of the Modern American Libertarian Movement,” Public Affairs, 2009.
Tuition
The following is via advertising materials for the Freedom School:17โFreedom School 0000,โ University of Iowa, Libraries, and Microfilming Corporation of America. 1977. The Right Wing Collection of the University of Iowa Libraries [1918-1977 on Microfilm]. Glen Rock, N.J.: Microfilming Corp. of America. Retrieved from the Archive.today internet archive. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
“Tuition
“Executive Session (one week only) $200.00
Comprehensive Course (two weeks) $275.00
Graduate Forum $275.00
Workshop $60.00โNOTE Scholarships are available for the Comprehensive Courses only
โWHAT TUITION COVERS
“Whether the student pays his own tuition or obtains a scholarship, all tuitions listed are full-expense tuitions. There are NO extras required.
“Tuition includes transportation to the school from Colorado Springs, Colorado, and return to Colorado Springs. It includes all meals and lodging while at the school. It covers all costs of instruction and most recreation, including horseback riding.
“Students wishing to buy extra books, or photographs of the scenery, do so at their own expense. Students may wish to provide themselves with a permanent notebook before they arrive.”
โSchool Support
“To begin with, the school is not supported by tax money or by government handouts.
“Income comes from tuition paid by students. The school receives grants, contributions and benefactions from individual Americans.
“It has several scholarship funds which assist in providing tuition to students. It receives assistance from certain business and professional groups, and has been remembered in several last wills and testaments.
“Contributions to the Freedom School, Inc., are deductible in computing net income subject to federal income tax.”
Key Documents
The following is a collection of advertising materials and flyers for the Freedom School, retrieved from the Internet Archive via The Right Wing Collection of the University of Iowa Libraries:18โFreedom School 0000,โ University of Iowa, Libraries, and Microfilming Corporation of America. 1977. The Right Wing Collection of the University of Iowa Libraries [1918-1977 on Microfilm]. Glen Rock, N.J.: Microfilming Corp. of America. Retrieved from the Archive.today internet archive. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
Key People
According to a profile on the Cato Institute‘s Libertarianism.org website, Freedom School founder Robert LeFevre worked as an “assistant to a pair of charismatic American cult leaders in a religious movement known as the Mighty ‘I AM'” early in his career, before turning to political activism. In 1954, he became an editorial writer for the Colorado Springs Gazette-Telegraph, part of the Freedom Newspaper chain run by the libertarian R. C. Hoiles.19โLeFevre, Robert (1911-1986),โ Libertarianism.org. Archived July 27, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/sOszu
Hoiles’ son Harry was also a trustee of the Freedom School, along with Roger Milliken, the Republican-supporting CEO of Milliken & Company. Other trustees included Robert Baird, William Colson, Dr. James Doenges, William Grede, Roland Holmes, Ned Kimball, and Robert Love.20UPI Archives. “Harry Hoiles, son of the founder of Freedom Newspapersโฆ,โ UPI, October 28, 1985. Archived April 9, 2024. Archived .pdf available at DeSmog. 21โNoted Industrialist New Freedom School Trustee,โ Colorado Springs Gazette-Telegraph, Page 13, July 6, 1964. Archived May 15, 2025. Archived .pdf available at DeSmog.
The college’s history department was run by the historian James J. Martin, a holocaust denier who was later on the board of the reportedly antisemitic, California-based Institute for Historical Review.22“LeFevre, Robert (1911-1986),” Libertarianism.org. Archived July 27, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/sOszu 23Nick Gillespie. “Did Reason Really Publish a ‘Holocaust Denial “Special Issue”‘ in 1976? Of Course Not,” Reason, July 26, 2014. Archived July 27, 2019. 24“Institute Has No Credibility,” Los Angeles Times, March 29, 1998. Archived July 27, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/xA4JL
Faculty
James J. Martin: Historian and history department head James J. Martin25โLeFevre, Robert (1911-1986),โ Libertarianism.org. Archived July 27, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/sOszu was a holocaust denier who was later on the board26Nick Gillespie. โDid Reason Really Publish a ‘Holocaust Denial ‘Special Issueโ in 1976? Of Course Not,โ Reason, July 26, 2014. Archived July 27, 2019. of the reportedly anti-Semitic, California-based Institute for Historical Review.27โInstitute Has No Credibility,โ Los Angeles Times, March 29, 1998. Archived July 27, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/xA4JL
โEven if one were to accept the most extreme and exaggerated indictment of Hitler and the national socialists for their activities after 1939 made by anybody fit to remain outside a mental hospital, it is almost alarmingly easy to demonstrate that the atrocities of the Allies in the same period were more numerous as to victims and were carried out for the most part by methods more brutal and painful than alleged extermination in gas ovens.”
The economics department was run by William Hutt, an “Austrian School” aligned British economist who helped set up the free-market Mont Pelerin Society, according to the Mises Institute.28“William H. Hutt,” Mises Institute. Archived July 27, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/2w2lH
According to an entry by Butler Shaffer at LewRockWell.com (emphasis added for notable names):29Butler Shaffer. “Sy Leon, R.I.P.” LewRockwell.com, September 11, 2007. Archived July 27, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/OPXo3 30Butler Shaffer. โSy Leon, R.I.P.โ LewRockwell.com, September 11, 2007. Archived July 27, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/OPXo3 31โButler Shaffer,โ Mises Institute. Archived July 10, 2020. Archive URL: https://archive.vn/icgsa
“It was during these intellectually and politically turbulent years that I met Sy Leon. He and I were teaching at Robert LeFevreโs Rampart College in Colorado, one of a number of organizations devoted to broadening an understanding of individual liberty. LeFevre had been successful in getting men and women in all age groups to pay to spend one to two weeks in Colorado studying the philosophy of freedom. Such an effort took a great commitment of both time and energy from our students, an effort one finds, today, at Mises University in Auburn, Alabama.
“Sy and I, along with his wife Riqui and my wife Jane, thus found ourselves at one of the centers where libertarian thinking was being explored. Others who taught at Rampart at the time included the economist Bill Hutt, historian Jim Martin, and a gangly teenager by the name of Roy Childs. Others who came there to share their ideas included Ludwig von Mises, F.A. Harper, Frank Chodorov, Rose Wilder Lane, Bruno Leoni, Leonard Read, Gordon Tullock, and Milton Friedman. It was a vibrant place within which to develop oneโs thinking.โ (Emphasis added.)
Board of Directors, & Administrators32“Freedom School 0000,” University of Iowa, Libraries, and Microfilming Corporation of America. 1977. The Right Wing Collection of the University of Iowa Libraries [1918-1977 on Microfilm]. Glen Rock, N.J.: Microfilming Corp. of America. Retrieved from the Internet Archive. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
Harry Hoiles, son of libertarian R.C. Hoiles’ Freedom Newspaper chain,33“Harry Hoiles, son of the founder of Freedom Newspapers…”, UPI, October 28, 1985. Archived April 9, 2024. Archive URL: http://archive.today/8aT9J. Archived .pdf available at DeSmog. was a trustee of the Freedom School, along with Roger Milliken, the Republican-supporting CEO of Milliken & Company. Other trustees included Robert Baird, William Colson, Dr. James Doenges, William Grede, Roland Holmes, Ned Kimball, and Robert Love.34“Noted Industrialist New Freedom School Trustee,” Colorado Springs Gazette-Telegraph, July 6, 1964, via newspapers.com. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
The following information for the Freedom School is credited to the Right Wing Collection of the University of Iowa Libraries, and retrieved from the Internet Archive:35โFreedom School 0000,โ University of Iowa, Libraries, and Microfilming Corporation of America. 1977. The Right Wing Collection of the University of Iowa Libraries [1918-1977 on Microfilm]. Glen Rock, N.J.: Microfilming Corp. of America. Retrieved from the Archive.today internet archive. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
| Name | Description | Location |
| A. R. Pruit | Roswell, New Mexico | |
| Charles G. Koch | Trustee | Wichita, Kansas |
| Edith Shank | Treasurer | |
| Grant W. Corby, Jr. | Director of Development | |
| Harry H. Hoiles | Trustee | Colorado Springs, Colorado |
| J. Dohn Lewis | Director of Publications | |
| James L. Doenges | Trustee | Anderson, Indiana |
| Lois LeFevre | Director of Social Services | |
| Marjorie Llewellin | Librarian | |
| Nan Corby | Editor, Newsletter | |
| Ned W. Kimball | Trustee | Waterville, Washington |
| Paul A. Belknap | Trustee | Charleston, South Carolina |
| R. W. Holmes | Trustee | Bellevue, Washington |
| Robert B. Rapp | Vice President | |
| Robert D. Love | Trustee | Wichita, Kansas |
| Robert Donner | ||
| Robert Lefevre | President | |
| Robert W. Baird | Trustee | Milwaukee, Wisconsin |
| Roger Milliken | Trustee | Spartanburg, South Carolina |
| Ruth Dazey | Registrar | |
| William J. Colson | Trustee | Bellvue, Washington |
| William J. Froh | Vice President | |
| William J. Grede | Trustee | Milwaukee, Wisconsin |
Board of Graduate Fellows & National Fellows36“Freedom School 0000,” University of Iowa, Libraries, and Microfilming Corporation of America. 1977. The Right Wing Collection of the University of Iowa Libraries [1918-1977 on Microfilm]. Glen Rock, N.J.: Microfilming Corp. of America. Retrieved from internet archive. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
| Name | Location |
| A. J. Arnold | Rockford, Illinois |
| A. R. Pruit | Roswell, New Mexico |
| Aldrich Blake | Laguna Beach, California |
| Arthur D. Sperry | Rolling Hills, California |
| B. E. Levick | Colorado Springs, Colorado |
| Ben W. Kettle | Westcliffe, Colorado |
| Bonner Fellers | Washington, DC |
| Brian J. Monahan | Mundelein, Illinois |
| Bryson Reinhardt | Cloverdale, Oregon |
| Burton Bergman | Kent, Washington |
| Butler D. Shaffer | Lincoln, Nebraska |
| C. R. Estes | Malibu, California |
| C. W. Anderson | Milwaukee, Wisconsin |
| Charles A. Dickey, Jr. | Dallas, Texas |
| Charles A. Macauley | Detroit, Michigan |
| Charles E. Stenicka III | New York, New York |
| Charles F. Adams | Denver, Colorado |
| Charles H. Fischer | Clovis, New Mexico |
| Clarence Hoiles | Santa Ana, California |
| Corinne Griffith | Beverly Hills, California |
| Dale Haywood | New York, New York |
| Dale M. Haywood | Chicago, Illinois |
| Dallas F. DeWeese | Pampa, Texas |
| Dan Foley | Ft. Lauderdale, Florida |
| David Jackman III | Wichita, Kansas |
| David L. Jarrett | New York, New York |
| Donald E. Bently | Minden, Nevada |
| E. L. Wiegand | Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania |
| E. Merrill Root | Richmond, Virginia |
| E. Tom Gumbert | Omaha, Nebraska |
| Earl Harding | New York, New York |
| Earl P. Simpson | Anderson, Indiana |
| Eduardo Helguera | Buenos Aires, Argentina |
| Edward Burleson Castle | Dayton, Ohio |
| Edward M. Brabant | Milwaukee, Wisconsin |
| Elgie C. Marcks | Milwaukee, Wisconsin |
| Elwood P. Smith | Chicago, Illinois |
| Emil W. Reutzel Jr. | Norfolk, Nebraska |
| Evis S. Hays | Pueblo, Colorado |
| Frank Chodorov | Irvington-on-Hudson, NY |
| Frank M. Rogers | Two Rivers, Wisconsin |
| Fred C. Peterson | Dunedin, Florida |
| Frederick C. Gosewisch | Wales, Wisconsin |
| Frederick M. Hoagland | Chicago, Illinois |
| G. F. Grant | Colorado Springs, Colorado |
| Garland L. Campbell | Arkansas City, Kansas |
| Gene Hausske | Palmer Lake, Colorado |
| George A. Brightwell, Jr. | Houston, Texas |
| George Peck | Largo, Florida |
| George Resch | Menasha, Wisconsin |
| Glenn O. Young | Sapulpa, Oklahoma |
| Harold Angier | San Francisco, California |
| Harry H. Hoiles | Colorado Springs, Colorado |
| Harry T. Everingham | Chicago, Illinois |
| Haywood Hillyer III | New Orleans, Louisiana |
| Herbert U. Nelson | Winnetka, Illinois |
| Herman A. Tessmann | Milwaukee, Wisconsin |
| Herman Kolb | Edmond, Oklahoma |
| Hermona C. Beardslee | Woodstock, Illinois |
| Howard E. Kessler | British Columbia, Canada |
| Howard Maccabee | Berkeley, California |
| Ira T. Langlois, Sr | Madison, Wisconsin |
| J. H. Gipson, Sr | Caldwell, Idaho |
| J. W. Gordon, Jr | Pampa, Texas |
| J. W. Greene | Spartanburg, South Carolina |
| Jack E. Vogelgesang | Massillon, Ohio |
| James D. Heiple | Peoria, Illinois |
| James L. Doenges | Anderson, Indiana |
| James R. Harris | Whittier, California |
| James R. Reynolds | Omaha, Nebraska |
| Janet Abbey | Newark, Delaware |
| Jeffrey P. White | Canton, Ohio |
| Jim Dean | Santa Ana, California |
| John E. Tate | Omaha, Nebraska |
| John F. De Sales | Sherman Oaks, California |
| John H. Marsh | New York, New York |
| John J. Callahan Jr. | San Antonio, Texas |
| John L. Kidd | Garden Grove, California |
| John L. Snare | Gainesville, Georgia |
| John W. Beck | Hemet, California |
| John Wm. [William] Harvey | Houston, Texas |
| John Yench | Manila, Philippines |
| Jonathan Pavey | Indianapolis, Indiana |
| Joseph Madison White, Jr. | San Antonio, Texas |
| Juan Manzano-Taylor | Manila, Philippines |
| L. H. Alfery | Milwaukee, Wisconsin |
| Larry F. Glaser | Kansas City, Kansas |
| Leonard A. Talbot | Santa Rosa, California |
| Louise Young | Pasadena, California |
| Lyman W. Applegate | Colorado Springs, Colorado |
| Mabelle Acorn | Colville, Washington |
| Marjorie Lawrence | Mulberry, Indiana |
| Martel McNeely | New Orleans, Louisiana |
| Mary D. Cain | Summit, Mississippi |
| Mary Ghist | Florissant, Colorado |
| Mary Vincent | Colorado Springs, Colorado |
| Maurice D. Whitney | Colorado Springs, Colorado |
| May B. Bowman | Portland, Oregon |
| Merwin K. Hart | New York, New York |
| O. R. Riddle | Eagle Pass, Texas |
| Olin Ashley | Odessa, Texas |
| Oscar W. Cooley | Ada, Ohio |
| Otis Lynn Vaden | Thermopolis, Wyoming |
| Pat O. Riley | Orange, California |
| Patricia F. Cornell | Colorado Springs, Colorado |
| Philip A. Johnson | Mundelein, Illinois |
| R. D. Threshie, Jr. | Colorado Springs, Colorado |
| R. J. Smith | Los Angeles, California |
| R. J. Sumners | Muskegon Heights, Michigan |
| Ralph Courtney | Spring Valley, New York |
| Ralph E. Davis | Los Angeles, California |
| Ralph Moffatt | Santa Ana California |
| Ray E. Poplett | River Forest, Illinois |
| Raymundo Guzman | Mexico |
| Richard D. Schwerman | Hales Corners, Wisconsin |
| Richard F. Layng | Rockford, Illinois |
| Richard J. Stephenson | Muskgon, Michigan |
| Richard Lloyd Jones | Tulsa, Oklahoma |
| Richard Wallace | Odessa, Texas |
| Robert A. Thompson | Lincoln, Nebraska |
| Robert B. Davis, Jr | Knoxville, Tennessee |
| Robert E. Ahern | Seattle, Washington |
| Robert E. Borchardt | Rockford, Illinois |
| Robert F. Clifton | Woodland Hills, California |
| Robert M. Gaylord, Jr. | Rockford, Illinois |
| Robert Rowe | Dallon City, Illinois |
| Robert W. Hutton | Springfield, Massachusetts |
| Rodney H. Peck | Seattle, Washington |
| Roger Milliken | Spartanburg, South Carolina |
| Roland H. Hennarichs | Milwaukee, Wisconsin |
| Roland R. Selin | El Paso, Texas |
| Ross Thoresen | Salt Lake City, Utah |
| Roy G. Jeffers, Jr. | Columbus, Nebraska |
| Roy Pursell | Plymouth, Michigan |
| Sartell Prentice, Jr. | Pasadena, California |
| Seymour Leon | Chicago, Illinois |
| Sherwood Ide | Portland, Indiana |
| Stephen J. Beeley | Salt Lake City, Utah |
| T. M. Carey | Wichita, Kansas |
| Taylor Caldwell | Eggertsville, New York |
| Thomas C. Buckley | San Marino, California |
| Thurman L. McCormick | Kansas City, Missouri |
| Timothy C. Greanleaf | Bay Village, Ohio |
| V. L. Debolt | Odessa, Texas |
| V. Orval Watts | Altadena, California |
| W. Dewey Deflon | Colorado Springs, Colorado |
| W. Glen Ambos | Harlingen, Texas |
| W. M. Remsen | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
| Walter B. Thompson | Athens, Georgia |
| Warren L. Norton | Greeley, Colorado |
| William B. Smeeth | Harland, Wisconsin |
| William Haywood | Brooklyn, New York |
| William S. Wood | Morro Bay, California |
| Zack R. Cecil | Latrobe, Pennsylvania |
Actions
Spring 1966
The school produced an edition of the Rampart Journal of Individualist Thought, edited by LeFevre, which included essays by Harry Elmer Barnes and James J. Martin, historians well-known for holocaust denial.37Rampart Journal of Individualist Thought, Vol. II No. 1 (Spring 1966). Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
Related Organizations
- Center for Libertarian Studies โ CLS founder contributed an essay to a 1966 edition of the Rampart Journal of Individualist Thought.38Rampart Journal of Individualist Thought, Vol. II No. 1 (Spring 1966). Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- Mont Pelerin Society โ William Hutt helped set up the society.39“William H. Hutt,” Mises Institute. Archived July 27, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/2w2lH
Contact & Address
The Freedom School
Box 165
Colorado Springs, Colorado
Resources
- 1Jane Mayer. “Covert Operations,”ย The New Yorker, August 23, 2010.ย Archived July 27, 2019. Archive.fo URL:ย https://archive.fo/nZPhI
- 2Jane Mayer. “Who Sponsored the Hate?”ย The New Yoker, March 15, 2016.ย Archived July 27, 2019. Archive.fo URL:ย https://archive.fo/CwUdb
- 3Michael S. Lottman. โColorado’s Freedom School Preaches Absolute Rights of Individual Man,โ The Harvard Crimson, December 17, 1959. Archived July 27, 2019. Archive.fo URL:ย https://archive.vn/JKFCb
- 4Donald Janson. “Conservatives at Freedom School to Prepare a New Federal Constitution,” The New York Times, June 13, 1965. Archived August 29, 2025. Archive URL:https://archive.ph/3HXIg
- 5Jane Mayer. โWho Sponsored the Hate?โ The New Yorker, March 15, 2016.ย Archived July 27, 2019. Archive.fo URL:ย https://archive.fo/CwUdb
- 6“Freedom School 0000,” University of Iowa, Libraries, and Microfilming Corporation of America. 1977. The Right Wing Collection of the University of Iowa Libraries [1918-1977 on Microfilm]. Glen Rock, N.J.: Microfilming Corp. of America. Retrieved from the Internet Archive. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 7โLeFevre, Robert (1911-1986),โ Libertarianism.org. Archived July 27, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/sOszu
- 8โFreedom School,โ Douglas County Colorado. Archived July 27, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/dQn0D
- 9Jane Mayer. โThe Secrets of Charles Kochโs Political Ascent,โ Politico, January 18, 2016. Archived July 27, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/DCcdC
- 10Rampart Journal of Individualist Thought, Vol. II No. 1 (Spring 1966). Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 11Rampart Journal of Individualist Thought, Vol. II No. 1 (Spring 1966). Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 12Brian Doherty. “Radicals for Capitalism: A Freewheeling History of the Modern American Libertarian Movement,” Public Affairs, 2009.
- 13โLeFevre, Robert (1911-1986),โ Libertarianism.org. Archived July 27, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/sOszu
- 14Jane Mayer. โCovert Operations,โ The New Yorker, August 23, 2010. Archived July 27, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/nZPhI
- 15Christine Woodside. โHow ‘Little House on the Prairie’ Built Modern Conservatism,โ Politico Magazine, September 11, 2016. Archived March 30, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.fo/mReTV
- 16Brian Doherty. “Radicals for Capitalism: A Freewheeling History of the Modern American Libertarian Movement,” Public Affairs, 2009.
- 17โFreedom School 0000,โ University of Iowa, Libraries, and Microfilming Corporation of America. 1977. The Right Wing Collection of the University of Iowa Libraries [1918-1977 on Microfilm]. Glen Rock, N.J.: Microfilming Corp. of America. Retrieved from the Archive.today internet archive. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 18โFreedom School 0000,โ University of Iowa, Libraries, and Microfilming Corporation of America. 1977. The Right Wing Collection of the University of Iowa Libraries [1918-1977 on Microfilm]. Glen Rock, N.J.: Microfilming Corp. of America. Retrieved from the Archive.today internet archive. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 19โLeFevre, Robert (1911-1986),โ Libertarianism.org. Archived July 27, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/sOszu
- 20UPI Archives. “Harry Hoiles, son of the founder of Freedom Newspapersโฆ,โ UPI, October 28, 1985. Archived April 9, 2024. Archived .pdf available at DeSmog.
- 21โNoted Industrialist New Freedom School Trustee,โ Colorado Springs Gazette-Telegraph, Page 13, July 6, 1964. Archived May 15, 2025. Archived .pdf available at DeSmog.
- 22“LeFevre, Robert (1911-1986),” Libertarianism.org. Archived July 27, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/sOszu
- 23Nick Gillespie. “Did Reason Really Publish a ‘Holocaust Denial “Special Issue”‘ in 1976? Of Course Not,” Reason, July 26, 2014. Archived July 27, 2019.
- 24“Institute Has No Credibility,” Los Angeles Times, March 29, 1998. Archived July 27, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/xA4JL
- 25โLeFevre, Robert (1911-1986),โ Libertarianism.org. Archived July 27, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/sOszu
- 26Nick Gillespie. โDid Reason Really Publish a ‘Holocaust Denial ‘Special Issueโ in 1976? Of Course Not,โ Reason, July 26, 2014. Archived July 27, 2019.
- 27โInstitute Has No Credibility,โ Los Angeles Times, March 29, 1998. Archived July 27, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/xA4JL
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- 31โButler Shaffer,โ Mises Institute. Archived July 10, 2020. Archive URL: https://archive.vn/icgsa
- 32“Freedom School 0000,” University of Iowa, Libraries, and Microfilming Corporation of America. 1977. The Right Wing Collection of the University of Iowa Libraries [1918-1977 on Microfilm]. Glen Rock, N.J.: Microfilming Corp. of America. Retrieved from the Internet Archive. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
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- 34“Noted Industrialist New Freedom School Trustee,” Colorado Springs Gazette-Telegraph, July 6, 1964, via newspapers.com. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 35โFreedom School 0000,โ University of Iowa, Libraries, and Microfilming Corporation of America. 1977. The Right Wing Collection of the University of Iowa Libraries [1918-1977 on Microfilm]. Glen Rock, N.J.: Microfilming Corp. of America. Retrieved from the Archive.today internet archive. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 36“Freedom School 0000,” University of Iowa, Libraries, and Microfilming Corporation of America. 1977. The Right Wing Collection of the University of Iowa Libraries [1918-1977 on Microfilm]. Glen Rock, N.J.: Microfilming Corp. of America. Retrieved from internet archive. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 37Rampart Journal of Individualist Thought, Vol. II No. 1 (Spring 1966). Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
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