Background
Cornell Alliance for Science describes itself as “a global communications effort that promotes evidence-based decision-making in agriculture.”1“Our Team,” Cornell Alliance for Science. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/mzftw
The organisation is based in the Department of Global Development within Cornell University’s College of Agriculture and Life Sciences.2“Who We Are,” Cornell Alliance for Science. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/czQez It was launched in 2014 with a grant from the Gates Foundation.3Stacey Shackford. “New Cornell Alliance for Science Gets .6 Million Grant,” Cornell Chronicle, August 21, 2014. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/EMxnM
It says it is building a network of “science allies” globally, who share the Cornell Alliance for Science’s “commitment to solve complex global hunger issues by leveraging advances in agriculture, including biotechnology.”4“Our Mission,” Cornell Alliance for Science. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/4Yt5m
Critics such as nonprofit investigative research group US Right To Know (USRTK) have described it as “a public relations campaign … to promote genetically engineered foods and pesticides”5Stacy Malkan. “Cornell Alliance for Science is a PR Campaign for the Agrichemical Industry,” US Right to Know, September 23, 2020. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/etg9p and “an aggressive propaganda tool for corporate biotech and agribusiness”.6Stacy Malkan. “Why is Cornell University Hosting a GMO Propaganda Campaign?,” The Ecologist, January 22, 2016. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/W4oRN Responding to questions from DeSmog for an investigation into the pesticide industry’s marketing campaigns, the alliance maintained that “of course, we are not an ‘agribusiness organization’ but a communications and training initiative based at a US University, so we don’t do ‘marketing.’”7‘The Pesticide Industry’s Response to DeSmog’s Investigation – In Full’, DeSmog. Archived November 17, 2020. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.today/AsU0h
MP for North Shropshire Owen Paterson, who has links to groups that have spread disinformation on climate science including the UK’s Global Warming Policy Foundation (GWPF),8“Events – Check Your Green Privilege: It’s Not Environmentally Friendly to Allow Millions to Die,” Cornell University. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/rr3Zx and US groups The Heritage Foundation and Competitive Enterprise Institute, spoke at Cornell Alliance for Science in 2015. He gave a talk called “Check Your Green Privilege: It’s not environmentally friendly to allow millions to die” where he spoke strongly in favour of Genetically Modified (GM) technology.9James Ball. “This Former Tory Cabinet Minister Won’t Say Who Funded £18,000 Of Trips Through His Think Tank,” Buzzfeed News, March 1, 2016. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/xpiZl
In 2016, a joint letter signed by 67 New York State organic farmers was sent to Cornell College10“New York Farmers Ask Cornell University to Evict ‘Alliance for Science’ over GMO Bias,” Sustainable Pulse, September 24, 2016. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/KXT8m asking them to evict the Alliance for Science because its “biased presence impedes objective discussion of biotechnology on campus.”11New York Farmers. “Letter to Dean Boor, September 2016,” Sustainable Pulse. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
Stance on Climate Change
In a post on the group’s website it says: “Plants occupy a unique nexus when it comes to climate change. On the one hand, they can help prevent climate change by capturing carbon. On the other, the cultivation of plants – better known as agriculture – has a large carbon footprint. The changing climate is also going to drastically shift where we can and should grow food.”12Jenna Gallegos. “Five Ways CRISPR Plants Can Combat Climate Change,” Cornell Alliance for Science, December 17, 2019. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/AOfCG
In another article it says that people living in the Global North “can reduce their carbon footprint by limiting consumption of animal products, while an international focus on adaptive practices can help build more resilient communities.” The group also adds that another solution to the impacts of climate change can be to “use the tools of genetic engineering to breed climate smart crops and the science of synthetic biology to unlock new food options”, if used in conjunction with reducing carbon emissions.13Joan Conrow. “Global Pandemic Previews Climate Impacts on Food System,’ Cornell Alliance for Science, April 22, 2020. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/viduR
Cornell Alliance for Science suggests that the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) gene-editing tool “has the potential to shrink agriculture’s climate emissions and prepare crops for climate change”.14Jenna Gallegos. “Five Ways CRISPR Plants Can Combat Climate Change,” Cornell Alliance for Science, December 17, 2019. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/AOfCG
The group lists five ways CRISPR can “be used to engineer hardier crops that fix more carbon and help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions related to agriculture.” This includes engineering most robust crops that the group says gives two options: first, “more native land to farmland through deforestation or the draining of wetlands, compounding the problem”, or choosing to engineer plants that can “handle harsher conditions.”15Jenna Gallegos. “Five Ways CRISPR Plants Can Combat Climate Change,” Cornell Alliance for Science, December 17, 2019. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/AOfCG
It says CRISPR can also be used to combat climate change by engineering food that lasts longer on shelves to reduce food waste, engineering plants to produce less methane as well as fix more carbon. It argues that, “innovations in industrial manufacturing helped put us in this climate quandary” and says that innovations in biology, such as CRISPR can “help us weather it by putting plants on the front line.”16Jenna Gallegos. “Five Ways CRISPR Plants Can Combat Climate Change,” Cornell Alliance for Science, December 17, 2019. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/AOfCG
Cornell Alliance For Science says other ways to combat climate change are to engineer plants to produce bacteria that can “take nitrogen from sources not accessible to plants and convert it into forms that plants can digest.” Alternatively, it suggests engineering “soil microbes so that they are less selective of their plant hosts.”17Jenna Gallegos. “Five Ways CRISPR Plants Can Combat Climate Change,” Cornell Alliance for Science, December 17, 2019. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/AOfCG
Cornell Alliance for Science published an article on its website about a study published in the August 2019 issue of the Transgenic Research journal about how the “world needs plant breeding innovations to effectively address challenges associated with climate change and a growing population”. The article quotes Dr. Rose Gidado, deputy director of the National Biotechnology Development Agency in Nigeria, who says that growing GMO crops will help farmers to increase their yields, have better protection from insects as well as provide improved tolerance to heat and drought. “GMOs can also help conserve soil energy, reduce greenhouse gases, minimize use of toxic pesticides and protect soil fertility and natural resources” the article says.18Abubakar Ibrahim. “Plant Breeding Innovations Required to Weather Climate Change, Report Says,” Cornell Alliance for Science, September 10, 2019. Archived November 11, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/LEi8v
In a 2018 post on Cornell Alliance for Science’s website by Joshua Raymond Muhumuza, from the Uganda Biosciences Information Center, says that “agricultural biotechnology provides a particularly promising set of tools for environmental sustainability.”19Joshua Raymond Muhumuza. “Agriculture Technology Can Help Curtail Climate Change,” Cornell Alliance for Science, April 25, 2018. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/LEi8v
“Biotech crops, such as those genetically modified to confer pest resistance and herbicide tolerance, are already helping to reduce emissions. Aggregated carbon sequestration benefits from reduced fuel use and additional soil carbon storage from biotech crop adoption between 1996 and 2015 were equal to about 26.7 billion kg — equivalent to taking nearly 12 million cars off the road for a year.”20Graham Brookes, Peter Barfoot. “Environmental Impacts of Genetically Modified (GM) Crop Use 1996-2015. Impacts on Pesticide Use and Carbon Emissions,” GM Crops & Food, Volume 8, 2017. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
In 2019, Pacifique Nshimiyimana, an Alliance for Science Global Leadership Fellow, expressed the importance of technology in farming, writing 21Pacifique Nshmiyimana. “Millenials Turn to Tech to Solve African Farming Challenges,” Cornell Alliance for Science. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/Tnljv
Read more: Digital and Precision Agriculture – Criticisms and Concerns
Funding
In 2014, the Gates Foundation gave Cornell Alliance for Science $5.6 million. In 2017 the foundation gave “a renewed contribution” of $6.4 million.22“Gates Foundation Grants Additional .4 Million to Cornell’s Controversial Alliance for Science,” Independent Science News, November 1, 2017. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/uJWKu
In 2016, the U.S Agency for International Development gave Cornell University $4.8 million to support BT Brinjal, a GMO eggplant, and incorporate it in Bangladesh; this was project-managed by Cornell Alliance advisory board member, Anthony Shelton. The university published a press release stating that the crop had increased yields, despite reports of major BT Brinjal failures by UBINIG, a Bangladeshi policy and activist group.23Sophia Johnson. “6 Ways This Ivy League University is Acting Like a PR Firm for Junk Food, GMOs and Pesticides,” Salon, August 28, 2017. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/1666G
Cornell Alliance for Science says it also receives grants and donations from numerous entities and individuals. The website lists those that have donated $1,000 or more as:24“Our Funders,” Cornell Alliance for Science. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/ZI30W
- American Endowment Foundation
- Winkler Family Foundation
- Ian Gazard
- John Hilliard
- The Triad Foundation
- John Crary
- Peter Davies
- Larry P. Walker
- US Department of Agriculture
- Fred Behringer
- Jessica Anson
- Sarah Butcher
- Cornell Sathguru Foundation for Development
- William Thompson
- Growing More Opportunities
The Alliance has a goal of raising $10 million by 2020 which they say is to “support our global efforts to ensure broad access to agricultural innovation.”25“ Million By 2020,” Cornell Alliance for Science. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/R7HRJ
Affiliations
The group is part of the Department of Global Development within Cornell University’s College of Agriculture and Life Sciences.26“Who We Are,” Cornell Alliance for Science. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/czQez
Monsanto connection
The Cornell Alliance had ties with agriculture giant Monsanto (now part of Bayer) and has defended the company’s right to use the herbicide glyphosate.
A 2017 post on the Cornell Alliance for Science’s website titled “Europe still burns witches – if they’re named Monsanto” by Visiting Fellow Mark Lynas about glyphosate being re-approved for use in the EU says that “this was never about glyphosate as a chemical,” arguing that critics objected to the company.27Mark Lynas. “Europe Still Burns Witches – If They’re Named Monsanto,” Cornell Alliance for Science. Archived November 11, 2018. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/wb294
The Cornell Alliance’s director, Dr Sarah Evanega, has said: “we do not write for the industry, and we do not advocate or promote industry-owned products”.28Stacy Malkan. “Cornell Alliance for Science is a PR Campaign for the Agrichemical Industry,” US Right to Know, September 23, 2020. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/etg9p
However, a number of FOIA-obtained emails by USRTK show Evanega and the group coordinating closely with companies working in the field of agriculture. For example, in 2017 Evanega worked with Monsanto’s Cami Ryan to organise a series of workshops aiming to promote genetically engineered foods. The Director also served on the working group of the UC Davis Institute for Food and Agricultural Literacy alongside staff members from Monsanto. According to USRTK the group co-hosted a boot camp to “train scientists and students to promote and defend GMOs and pesticides.”29Stacy Malkan. “Cornell Alliance for Science is a PR Campaign for the Agrichemical Industry,” US Right to Know, September 23, 2020. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/etg9p
The Alliance subsequently described the USRTK investigation as a “witch hunt”.30Stacy Malkan. “Why is Cornell University Hosting a GMO Propaganda Campaign?,” The Ecologist, January 22, 2016. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/W4oRN
Two members of Cornell Alliance’s advisory board, Pamela Ronald and Anthony Shelton, have also been recruited by Monsanto or Monsanto partner groups,31Stacy Malkan. “Cornell Alliance for Science is a PR Campaign for the Agrichemical Industry,” US Right to Know, September 23, 2020. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/etg9p with the latter writing a pro-GMO paper following an email suggestion to author the paper from Eric Sachs, a Monsanto Outreach Lead 32Sophia Johnson. “6 Ways This Ivy League University is Acting Like a PR Firm for Junk Food, GMOs and Pesticides,” Salon, August 28, 2017. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/1666G
Other Resources
Resources
- 1“Our Team,” Cornell Alliance for Science. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/mzftw
- 2“Who We Are,” Cornell Alliance for Science. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/czQez
- 3Stacey Shackford. “New Cornell Alliance for Science Gets .6 Million Grant,” Cornell Chronicle, August 21, 2014. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/EMxnM
- 4“Our Mission,” Cornell Alliance for Science. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/4Yt5m
- 5Stacy Malkan. “Cornell Alliance for Science is a PR Campaign for the Agrichemical Industry,” US Right to Know, September 23, 2020. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/etg9p
- 6Stacy Malkan. “Why is Cornell University Hosting a GMO Propaganda Campaign?,” The Ecologist, January 22, 2016. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/W4oRN
- 7
- 8“Events – Check Your Green Privilege: It’s Not Environmentally Friendly to Allow Millions to Die,” Cornell University. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/rr3Zx
- 9James Ball. “This Former Tory Cabinet Minister Won’t Say Who Funded £18,000 Of Trips Through His Think Tank,” Buzzfeed News, March 1, 2016. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/xpiZl
- 10“New York Farmers Ask Cornell University to Evict ‘Alliance for Science’ over GMO Bias,” Sustainable Pulse, September 24, 2016. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/KXT8m
- 11New York Farmers. “Letter to Dean Boor, September 2016,” Sustainable Pulse. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 12Jenna Gallegos. “Five Ways CRISPR Plants Can Combat Climate Change,” Cornell Alliance for Science, December 17, 2019. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/AOfCG
- 13Joan Conrow. “Global Pandemic Previews Climate Impacts on Food System,’ Cornell Alliance for Science, April 22, 2020. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/viduR
- 14Jenna Gallegos. “Five Ways CRISPR Plants Can Combat Climate Change,” Cornell Alliance for Science, December 17, 2019. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/AOfCG
- 15Jenna Gallegos. “Five Ways CRISPR Plants Can Combat Climate Change,” Cornell Alliance for Science, December 17, 2019. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/AOfCG
- 16Jenna Gallegos. “Five Ways CRISPR Plants Can Combat Climate Change,” Cornell Alliance for Science, December 17, 2019. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/AOfCG
- 17Jenna Gallegos. “Five Ways CRISPR Plants Can Combat Climate Change,” Cornell Alliance for Science, December 17, 2019. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/AOfCG
- 18Abubakar Ibrahim. “Plant Breeding Innovations Required to Weather Climate Change, Report Says,” Cornell Alliance for Science, September 10, 2019. Archived November 11, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/LEi8v
- 19Joshua Raymond Muhumuza. “Agriculture Technology Can Help Curtail Climate Change,” Cornell Alliance for Science, April 25, 2018. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/LEi8v
- 20Graham Brookes, Peter Barfoot. “Environmental Impacts of Genetically Modified (GM) Crop Use 1996-2015. Impacts on Pesticide Use and Carbon Emissions,” GM Crops & Food, Volume 8, 2017. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 21Pacifique Nshmiyimana. “Millenials Turn to Tech to Solve African Farming Challenges,” Cornell Alliance for Science. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/Tnljv
- 22“Gates Foundation Grants Additional .4 Million to Cornell’s Controversial Alliance for Science,” Independent Science News, November 1, 2017. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/uJWKu
- 23Sophia Johnson. “6 Ways This Ivy League University is Acting Like a PR Firm for Junk Food, GMOs and Pesticides,” Salon, August 28, 2017. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/1666G
- 24“Our Funders,” Cornell Alliance for Science. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/ZI30W
- 25“ Million By 2020,” Cornell Alliance for Science. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/R7HRJ
- 26“Who We Are,” Cornell Alliance for Science. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/czQez
- 27Mark Lynas. “Europe Still Burns Witches – If They’re Named Monsanto,” Cornell Alliance for Science. Archived November 11, 2018. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/wb294
- 28Stacy Malkan. “Cornell Alliance for Science is a PR Campaign for the Agrichemical Industry,” US Right to Know, September 23, 2020. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/etg9p
- 29Stacy Malkan. “Cornell Alliance for Science is a PR Campaign for the Agrichemical Industry,” US Right to Know, September 23, 2020. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/etg9p
- 30Stacy Malkan. “Why is Cornell University Hosting a GMO Propaganda Campaign?,” The Ecologist, January 22, 2016. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/W4oRN
- 31Stacy Malkan. “Cornell Alliance for Science is a PR Campaign for the Agrichemical Industry,” US Right to Know, September 23, 2020. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/etg9p
- 32Sophia Johnson. “6 Ways This Ivy League University is Acting Like a PR Firm for Junk Food, GMOs and Pesticides,” Salon, August 28, 2017. Archived November 11, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/1666G