Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef

Background

The Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef (GRSB) is a voluntary initiative comprising beef companies, retailers, industry groups, environmental non-profits, research institutes and government-funded agencies.

It was established in 2012 following a 2010 “Global Conference on Sustainable Beef” organised by several of GRSB’s founding partners, including the environmental non-profit World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and fast-food chain McDonald’s.¹ ² ³

This conference followed increased scrutiny of the livestock industry in the wake of the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization’s (FAO) 2006 report, “Livestock’s Long Shadow”, which highlighted the sector as a major driver of greenhouse gas emissions and environmental problems worldwide.⁴ ⁵ ⁶ ⁷ ⁸

In addition to its founding partners, members of the GRSB include several of the world’s largest meat companies, such as Brazilian meatpacker JBS, and the major U.S. companies Tyson Foods and Cargill.⁹

Members also include powerful industry associations such as the Meat Institute and National Cattlemen’s Beef Association, which have repeatedly lobbied against regulators’ attempts to introduce binding measures that would help reduce the livestock sector’s emissions.¹⁰

The GRSB has rejected the need to reduce beef consumption in light of the industry’s impact on the climate, and emphasises the beef industry’s ability to be sustainable without the need for reductions in livestock.¹¹

This position contradicts the findings of several major assessments on climate change, including from the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and EAT-Lancet, which have recommended reducing meat consumption in high and middle- income countries.¹² ¹³

In 2021, the Guardian reported that GRSB was part of a grouping of livestock industry groups threatening to withdraw from the 2021 UN Food Systems Summit if the summit did not support continued high levels of meat production.¹⁴

GRSB’s 2014 principles and criteria met with a backlash from more than 20 environmental non-profits in the U.S. who criticised a lack of binding and measurable targets and argued the document read as an “industry-led attempt to greenwash conventional beef production”.¹⁵ ¹⁶ ¹⁷

GRSB has taken a strategy of working with “trusted messengers” to promote the beef industry. In 2020, it took advice from the public relations firm MHP Group on using third-party messengers — including environmental non-profits — to push a pro-beef message to decision-makers and consumers.¹⁸ ¹⁹

Stance on Climate Change

According to the GRSB’s website, their own devised climate initiative “aims to globally reduce by 30% the net global warming impact of each unit of beef by 2030, on a pathway to climate neutrality.”²⁰

The group’s “Climate” page continues:

“In order to support the urgent global ambition of limiting global temperature rises to 1.5 degrees by 2030, GRSB members will implement and incentivize climate smart beef production, processing, and trade, while safeguarding and building upon the carbon stores in soil and landscapes.”

The initiative’s climate page primarily mentions carbon sequestration in soils and “climate smart” agricultural techniques as methods for the sector to cut its climate impact.

“Climate smart” agriculture has no official definition, and environmental groups have raised concerns about the term’s potential to contribute to greenwashing.²¹ Numerous assessments have highlighted the limitations of soil carbon sequestration as a means down the livestock sector’s emissions.²² ²³

In addition to statements on its website, GRSB has previously rejected calls for reductions to beef production or consumption in light of climate change and has pushed back against attempts to promote less meat-centric diets.²⁴ ²⁵ ²⁶

In 2020, GRSB partnered with London-based PR agency MHP Group in crafting a response “to send to the heads of relevant UN bodies and their communications departments” to push back against the UN’s #ActNow campaign. This 2020 initiative encouraged people to eat more plant-based foods to reduce their carbon footprints.²⁷ ²⁸ ²⁹

The UN’s Act Now campaign stated that: “Shifting to healthy diets that include sustainability considerations can contribute to reductions in environmental impacts on land, energy and water use.

“A diet that is higher in plant-based foods, such as vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds, and lower in animal-based foods, has a lower environmental impact (greenhouse gas emissions and energy, land, and water use).”

The Act Now campaign’s aims cohere with the findings of other assessments on climate change.

In its latest (sixth) assessment, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) recommended a move to “less meat-intensive diets” and reducing meat and dairy in diets for high and middle- income consumers.

Another major scientific assessment, – a report published by the 2019 EAT-Lancet Commission, found that global red meat consumption should be cut by over 50 percent on average globally, to feed a global population while respecting planetary boundaries.³⁰

Other scientific studies have also emphasised the importance of dietary changes, given the limited ability of technical measures to bring down agricultural emissions.³¹ ³²

GRSB’s climate target, introduced in 2021, does not call for absolute reductions to the industry’s emissions, which climate scientists have said are needed to meet global climate targets and avoid dangerous tipping points.³³ ³⁴

The livestock sector is responsible for 32 percent of global emissions of methane —, a potent greenhouse gas produced by cattle, which is responsible for a third of global warming to date.³⁵

The United Nations’ 2021 Global Methane Assessment found we will need to cut levels of methane by 40 to –- 45 percent by 2030 to avert dangerous global warming..³⁶

A 2024 survey of more than 200 climate experts published by Harvard University this March found that emissions from the livestock sector would need to fall by 61 percent by 2036 to meet global climate goals.³⁷

The livestock sector is responsible for 12–20 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions, depending on the model used.³⁸ A 2021 estimate published in Nature estimated the beef sector’s emissions to be responsible for 9 percent of all global emissions, which is slightly more than the emissions of India.³⁹ ⁴⁰

Key Actions

November 2023

GRSB sent representatives to COP28 in Dubai to advance their message about the “sustainability” of beef and livestock production in light of climate change. According to an update on GRSB’s website, GRSB sent the group’s leaders to promote the idea that “sustainable beef production can contribute to mitigating climate change.”⁴¹

According to documents from the Global Meat Alliance, which has described itself as an “international networking group” for the global beef sector, GRSB was part of a wider coordinated PR effort by industrial producers to present meat as “sustainable nutrition” and “tell our story well” at the summit — where the role of agriculture in driving emissions was high on the agenda.⁴² ⁴³

September 2021

In 2021, The Guardian reported that GRSB was part of a grouping of livestock industry groups that threatened to withdraw from the 2021 UN Food Systems Summit if the summit did not support increased meat production.⁴⁴

August 2020

GRSB partnered with the London-based public relations firm MHP Group to craft a response “to send to the heads of relevant UN bodies and their communications departments” to push back against the UN’s #ActNow campaign, a 2020 initiative which encouraged people to eat more plant-based foods to reduce their carbon footprints.⁴⁵ ⁴⁶

July 2020

GRSB hired London-based strategic communications agency, MHP Group — a strategic communications agency with specialisms in reputation management and crisis management — to assist with developing a ‘new narrative’ around beef.⁴⁷

November 19, 2014

The GRSB’s Principles and Criteria met withbacklash from environmental groups, including Friends of the Earth Europe, Slow Food USA, and Food and Water Watch.⁴⁸

These groups cautioned that, unless GRSB introduced more concrete and ambitious targets, the principles and criteria would read as an “industry-led attempt to greenwash conventional beef production”..⁴⁹

November 1–3, 2010

Founding partners of the GRSB, including the World Wildlife Foundation and McDonald’s, organised a “Global Conference on Sustainable Beef” to start a dialogue about how to make their sector more sustainable in the face of rising scrutiny and awareness of livestock’s climate and environmental impacts. This led to the formation of the Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef in 2012.⁵⁰ ⁵¹ ⁵²

Funding

GRSB is funded by donations from its members, as well as external donors to its projects.

Affiliations

The GRSB’s members include the following:⁵³

Producer Constituency

Angus Uruguay

AA Co

Beef + Lamb New Zealand

Belvedere Agriculture

Cattle Australia

Dairy Sustainability Framework

East Foundation

Hana Ranch

Herd Advance

Dr Laurie Marker

McFadden Enterprises

Meat & Livestock Australia

Mt Brisbane

National Cattlemen’s Beef Association

National Livestock Producers Association

Sol Dorado

Systems Insight Ltd

Tri-L Ranch

Wilson Flying Diamond Ranch

Processing Constituency

ABIEC

Cargill

ComGroup

Greenham

Frigorífico Manu

Golden State Foods

Harvest Road

INALCA

JBS

Marfrig

Minerva Foods

OSI Group

Prima Baguz

Tyson Foods

Retail Constituency

A&W

Burger King

Jollibee Foods Corporation

Lidl

Mars Petcare

McDonalds

Simmenthal

Woolworths Group

Allied Services and Industries Constituency

ABS

Acceligen

AgriWebb

Alltech

ArkeaBio

BackStory

Boomitra

Breedr

C-Lock Inc

Ceres Tag

Certified Sustainable

CME Group

Consolidated Food Co

Corteva Agriscience

FMG Global

Herd Watch

HuvePharma

Imperative

Impetus Animal Welfare

LCT Low Carbon Technologies

LSQA

Melliens

Rinse & Chill

Organic Systems & Solutions

Oritain

Pampa Oriental

Perennial

ProAgni

Rabobank

Smart Paddock

Synergraze

Terratio

Textile Exchange

Vytelle

Where Food Comes From

Zinpro

Zoetis

Roundtable Constituency

Australian Beef Sustainability Framework

Brazilian Roundtable on Sustainable Livestock

Canadian Roundtable for Sustainable Beef

Mesa Argentina De Carne Sustenable

Mesa Redonda De Ganderia Sustenable de Mexico

European Roundtable for Beef Sustainability

Mesa Ganaderia Sostenible Colombia

Mesa Paraguaya de Carne Sostenible

New Zealand Roundtable for Sustainable Beef

Mesa Uruguaya de Carne Sostenible

South Africa Region Roundtable for Sustainable Beef

U.S. Roundtable for Sustainable Beef

Civil Society Constituency

Beef Shorthorn

Datamars Sustainability Foundation

Meat Institute

National Wildlife Federation

The Nature Conservancy

Savory Institute

WWF

Consulting Members

AbacusBio

Bord Bía (Irish Food Board)

Department of Agriculture (State of Hawaii)

Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock

IICA

INIA Uruguay

Leather Working Group

Preferred by Nature

Pro-forest

UC Davis CLEAR Center

The University of Queensland

Pip Band

Dr Holly Gibbs

Vet Salus

1
“Global Conference on Sustainable Beef: Home,” Global Conference for Sustainable Beef. Archived October 2, 2024. Archive URL: http://archive.today/QpRHg
2
“Global Conference on Sustainable Beef: Setting the Table for Dialogue,” Global Conference for Sustainable Beef. Archived October 3, 2025. Archive URL: http://archive.today/VT8lZ
3
“Industries: Beef,” World Wildlife Fund, Archived December 26, 2024. Archive URL: http://archive.today/0sgrV
4
“Livestock’s Long Shadow,” Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, 2006. Archived July 17, 2025. Archive URL: http://archive.today/fIl1j
5
“Livestock’s Long Shadow,” Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations: Livestock, Environment and Development (LEAD) Initiative. Archived June30, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
6
John Condon. “Momentum grows for Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef,” Beef Central, November 9, 2013. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/cWuiF
7
Kenny Torella. “How the most powerful environmental groups help greenwash Big Meat’s climate impact,” Vox, Auust 7, 2024. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/fY3pO
8
“Livestock’s Long Shadow,” Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations: Livestock, Environment and Development (LEAD) Initiative, 2006. Archived June 30, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
9
“Members,” Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef. Archived June 13, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/R3rqb
10
Lazarus et al., “The climate responsibilities of industrial meat and dairy producers,” Climatic Change, March 25, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-021-03047-7 Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
11
“Background to Principles and Criteria,” Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef. Archived April 16, 2024. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
12
“Special Rreport on Climate Change and Land (SRCCL),” International Panel on Climate Change, 2022. Archived June 20, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
13
Willet et al., “Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT–Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems,” The Lancet, 2019. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31788-4 Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
14
Sophie Kevany. “Livestock industry lobbying UN to support more meat production,” The Guardian, September 21, 2021. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/U6Ntu
15
“Draft of the 2014 Principles and Criteria for Sustainable Beef,” Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef, March 17, 2014. Archived July 25. 2025. Archive URL: http://archive.today/giH2O
16
“2014 Principles and Criteria for Sustainable Beef,” Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef, September 15, 2014. Archived August 2, 2022. Archive URL: http://archive.today/fhOvd
17
“Leading NGOs Slam Greenwashing by Meat Industry, Demand Beefier Sustainability Standards,” Common Dreams, November 19, 2020. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/9w8VX
18
“GRSB Comms Council 2024 Workplan,” Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef. Archived July 285, 2024. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
19
“Executive Director’s Message,” Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef, August 11, 2025. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/7aUuP
20
“Global Beef Sustainability Goal: Climate,” Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef. Archived July 27, 2025. Archive URL: http://archive.today/BRLzV
21
Rachel Sherrington. “Big Agriculture Casts Itself as Climate Champion Ahead of COP27,” DeSmog, October 6, 2022.
22
Joe Fassler. “Research Undermines Claims that Soil Carbon Can Offset Livestock Emissions,” DeSmog, February 1, 2024.
23
Harwatt et al., “Options for a Paris-Compliant Livestock Sector,” 2024. Harvard Law School Animal Law and Policy Program. Archived July 6, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
24
“Background to Principles and Criteria,” Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef. Archived April 16, 2014. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
25
Sophie Kevany. “Livestock industry lobbying UN to support more meat production,” The Guardian, September 21, 2021. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/U6Ntu
26
“Facts and Figures: Here’s where every one of us can make a difference: Food,” United Nations: Act Now, Archived July 16, 2025. Archived .pdf available at DeSmog.
27
Harwatt et al., “Options for a Paris-Compliant Livestock Sector,” 2024. Harvard Law School Animal Law and Policy Program. Archived July 6, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
28
“Exective Director’s Message,” Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef, August 11, 2025. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/7aUuP
29
“Facts and Figures: Here’s where every one of us can make a difference: Food,” UN Act Now. Archived July 16, 2025. Archived .pdf available at DeSmog.
30
Willet et al., “Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT–Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems,” The Lancet, 2019. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31788-4 Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
31
“Global Methane Assessment,” Climate and Clean Air Coalition and United Nations Environment Programme, 2021. Archived June 12, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
32
Reisinger et al., “How necessary and feasible are reductions of methane emissions from livestock to support stringent temperature goals?,” Royal Society.Archived July 28, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
33
“Global Beef Sustainability Goal: Climate,” Global Roundtable on Sustainable Beef. Archived April 18, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/L8GI0
34
Harwatt et al., “Options for a Paris-Compliant Livestock Sector,” 2024. Harvard Law School Animal Law and Policy Program. Archived July 6, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
35
“Global Methane Assessment,” Climate and Clean Air Coalition and United Nations Environment Programme, 2021. Archived June 12, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
36
“Global Methane Assessment,” Climate and Clean Air Coalition and United Nations Environment Programme, 2021. Archived June 12, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
37
Harwatt et al., “Options for a Paris-Compliant Livestock Sector,” 2024. Harvard Law School Animal Law and Policy Program. Archived July 6, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
38
“Livestock Don’t Contribute 14.5% of Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions,” The Breakthrough Institute. Archived July 28, 2025. Archive URL: http://archive.today/hRPzY
39
Xu et al., “Global greenhouse gas emissions from animal-based foods are twice those of plant-based foods,” Nature Food, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-021-00358-x. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
40
“India Emissions,” Worldometer. Archived July 28, 2025. Archive URL: http://archive.today/uWM4T
41
“Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef attends COP28”, December 2023. Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef. Archived July 26, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/mVRp
42
Rachel Sherrington. “Big Meat Unveils Battle Plans for COP28,” DeSmog, November 29, 2023.
43
”Global Sector Engagement Tracker: COP28,” Global Meat Alliance, October 18, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
44
Sophie Kevany. “Livestock industry lobbying UN to support more meat production,” The Guardian, September 21, 2021. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive.ph: https://archive.ph/U6Ntu
45
“Exective Director’s Message,” Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef, August 11, 2025. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/7aUuP
46
“Facts and Figures: Here’s where every one of us can make a difference: Food,” UN Act Now. Archived July 16, 2025. Archived .pdf available at DeSmog.
47
“2020 Annual Report – Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef,” GRSB. Archived July 28, 2025. Archive URL: http://archive.today/3488R
48
“Response to the Global Roundtable on Sustainable Beef Principles and Criteria for ‘Sustainable Beef’,” November 19, 2024. Friends of the Earth. November 2014. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/LUB9K
49
“Leading NGOs Slam Greenwashing by Meat Industry, Demand Beefier Sustainability Standards,” Common Dreams, November 19, 2020. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/9w8VX
50
John Condon “Momentum grows for Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef” Beef Central, November 9, 2013. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive.ph URL: https://archive.ph/cWuiF
51
Harwatt et al., “Options for a Paris-Compliant Livestock Sector,” 2024. Harvard Law School Animal Law and Policy Program. Archived July 6, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
52
Kenny Torella. “How the most powerful environmental groups help greenwash Big Meat’s climate impact,” Vox, August 7, 2024. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive.ph URL: https://archive.ph/fY3pO
53
“Members,” Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef. Archived June 13, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/R3rqb

1
“Global Conference on Sustainable Beef: Home,” Global Conference for Sustainable Beef. Archived October 2, 2024. Archive URL: http://archive.today/QpRHg
2
“Global Conference on Sustainable Beef: Setting the Table for Dialogue,” Global Conference for Sustainable Beef. Archived October 3, 2025. Archive URL: http://archive.today/VT8lZ
3
“Industries: Beef,” World Wildlife Fund, Archived December 26, 2024. Archive URL: http://archive.today/0sgrV
4
“Livestock’s Long Shadow,” Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, 2006. Archived July 17, 2025. Archive URL: http://archive.today/fIl1j
5
“Livestock’s Long Shadow,” Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations: Livestock, Environment and Development (LEAD) Initiative. Archived June30, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
6
John Condon. “Momentum grows for Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef,” Beef Central, November 9, 2013. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/cWuiF
7
Kenny Torella. “How the most powerful environmental groups help greenwash Big Meat’s climate impact,” Vox, Auust 7, 2024. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/fY3pO
8
“Livestock’s Long Shadow,” Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations: Livestock, Environment and Development (LEAD) Initiative, 2006. Archived June 30, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
9
“Members,” Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef. Archived June 13, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/R3rqb
10
Lazarus et al., “The climate responsibilities of industrial meat and dairy producers,” Climatic Change, March 25, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-021-03047-7 Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
11
“Background to Principles and Criteria,” Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef. Archived April 16, 2024. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
12
“Special Rreport on Climate Change and Land (SRCCL),” International Panel on Climate Change, 2022. Archived June 20, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
13
Willet et al., “Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT–Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems,” The Lancet, 2019. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31788-4 Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
14
Sophie Kevany. “Livestock industry lobbying UN to support more meat production,” The Guardian, September 21, 2021. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/U6Ntu
15
“Draft of the 2014 Principles and Criteria for Sustainable Beef,” Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef, March 17, 2014. Archived July 25. 2025. Archive URL: http://archive.today/giH2O
16
“2014 Principles and Criteria for Sustainable Beef,” Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef, September 15, 2014. Archived August 2, 2022. Archive URL: http://archive.today/fhOvd
17
“Leading NGOs Slam Greenwashing by Meat Industry, Demand Beefier Sustainability Standards,” Common Dreams, November 19, 2020. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/9w8VX
18
“GRSB Comms Council 2024 Workplan,” Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef. Archived July 285, 2024. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
19
“Executive Director’s Message,” Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef, August 11, 2025. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/7aUuP
20
“Global Beef Sustainability Goal: Climate,” Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef. Archived July 27, 2025. Archive URL: http://archive.today/BRLzV
21
Rachel Sherrington. “Big Agriculture Casts Itself as Climate Champion Ahead of COP27,” DeSmog, October 6, 2022.
22
Joe Fassler. “Research Undermines Claims that Soil Carbon Can Offset Livestock Emissions,” DeSmog, February 1, 2024.
23
Harwatt et al., “Options for a Paris-Compliant Livestock Sector,” 2024. Harvard Law School Animal Law and Policy Program. Archived July 6, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
24
“Background to Principles and Criteria,” Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef. Archived April 16, 2014. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
25
Sophie Kevany. “Livestock industry lobbying UN to support more meat production,” The Guardian, September 21, 2021. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/U6Ntu
26
“Facts and Figures: Here’s where every one of us can make a difference: Food,” United Nations: Act Now, Archived July 16, 2025. Archived .pdf available at DeSmog.
27
Harwatt et al., “Options for a Paris-Compliant Livestock Sector,” 2024. Harvard Law School Animal Law and Policy Program. Archived July 6, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
28
“Exective Director’s Message,” Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef, August 11, 2025. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/7aUuP
29
“Facts and Figures: Here’s where every one of us can make a difference: Food,” UN Act Now. Archived July 16, 2025. Archived .pdf available at DeSmog.
30
Willet et al., “Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT–Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems,” The Lancet, 2019. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31788-4 Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
31
“Global Methane Assessment,” Climate and Clean Air Coalition and United Nations Environment Programme, 2021. Archived June 12, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
32
Reisinger et al., “How necessary and feasible are reductions of methane emissions from livestock to support stringent temperature goals?,” Royal Society.Archived July 28, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
33
“Global Beef Sustainability Goal: Climate,” Global Roundtable on Sustainable Beef. Archived April 18, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/L8GI0
34
Harwatt et al., “Options for a Paris-Compliant Livestock Sector,” 2024. Harvard Law School Animal Law and Policy Program. Archived July 6, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
35
“Global Methane Assessment,” Climate and Clean Air Coalition and United Nations Environment Programme, 2021. Archived June 12, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
36
“Global Methane Assessment,” Climate and Clean Air Coalition and United Nations Environment Programme, 2021. Archived June 12, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
37
Harwatt et al., “Options for a Paris-Compliant Livestock Sector,” 2024. Harvard Law School Animal Law and Policy Program. Archived July 6, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
38
“Livestock Don’t Contribute 14.5% of Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions,” The Breakthrough Institute. Archived July 28, 2025. Archive URL: http://archive.today/hRPzY
39
Xu et al., “Global greenhouse gas emissions from animal-based foods are twice those of plant-based foods,” Nature Food, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-021-00358-x. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
40
“India Emissions,” Worldometer. Archived July 28, 2025. Archive URL: http://archive.today/uWM4T
41
“Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef attends COP28”, December 2023. Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef. Archived July 26, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/mVRp
42
Rachel Sherrington. “Big Meat Unveils Battle Plans for COP28,” DeSmog, November 29, 2023.
43
”Global Sector Engagement Tracker: COP28,” Global Meat Alliance, October 18, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
44
Sophie Kevany. “Livestock industry lobbying UN to support more meat production,” The Guardian, September 21, 2021. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive.ph: https://archive.ph/U6Ntu
45
“Exective Director’s Message,” Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef, August 11, 2025. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/7aUuP
46
“Facts and Figures: Here’s where every one of us can make a difference: Food,” UN Act Now. Archived July 16, 2025. Archived .pdf available at DeSmog.
47
“2020 Annual Report – Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef,” GRSB. Archived July 28, 2025. Archive URL: http://archive.today/3488R
48
“Response to the Global Roundtable on Sustainable Beef Principles and Criteria for ‘Sustainable Beef’,” November 19, 2024. Friends of the Earth. November 2014. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/LUB9K
49
“Leading NGOs Slam Greenwashing by Meat Industry, Demand Beefier Sustainability Standards,” Common Dreams, November 19, 2020. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/9w8VX
50
John Condon “Momentum grows for Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef” Beef Central, November 9, 2013. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive.ph URL: https://archive.ph/cWuiF
51
Harwatt et al., “Options for a Paris-Compliant Livestock Sector,” 2024. Harvard Law School Animal Law and Policy Program. Archived July 6, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
52
Kenny Torella. “How the most powerful environmental groups help greenwash Big Meat’s climate impact,” Vox, August 7, 2024. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive.ph URL: https://archive.ph/fY3pO
53
“Members,” Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef. Archived June 13, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/R3rqb

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