Background
The Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef (GRSB) is a voluntary initiative comprising beef companies, retailers, industry groups, environmental non-profits, research institutes, and government-funded agencies.
It was established in 2012 following a 2010 โGlobal Conference on Sustainable Beefโ organised by several of GRSBโsย founding partners, including the environmental non-profitย World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and fast-food chain McDonaldโs.1โGlobal Conference on Sustainable Beef: Home,โ Global Conference for Sustainable Beef. Archived October 2, 2024. Archive URL: http://archive.today/QpRHg 2โGlobal Conference on Sustainable Beef: Setting the Table for Dialogue,โ Global Conference for Sustainable Beef. Archived October 3, 2025. Archive URL:ย http://archive.today/VT8lZย 3โIndustries: Beef,โ World Wildlife Fund, Archived December 26, 2024. Archive URL: http://archive.today/0sgrVย
This conference followed increased scrutiny of the livestock industry in the wake of the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organizationโs (FAO) 2006 report, โLivestockโs Long Shadowโ, which highlighted the sector as a major driver of greenhouse gas emissions and environmental problems worldwide.4โLivestockโs Long Shadow,โ Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, 2006. Archived July 17, 2025. Archive URL: http://archive.today/fIl1j 5โLivestockโs Long Shadow,โ Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations: Livestock, Environment and Development (LEAD) Initiative. Archived June30, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog. 6John Condon. โMomentum grows for Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef,โ ย Beef Central, November 9, 2013. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/cWuiF 7Kenny Torella. โHow the most powerful environmental groups help greenwash Big Meatโs climate impact,โ Vox, Auust 7, 2024. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL:ย https://archive.ph/fY3pO ย 8โLivestockโs Long Shadow,โ Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations: Livestock, Environment and Development (LEAD) Initiative, 2006. Archived Juneย 30, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
In addition to its founding partners, members of the GRSBย include several of the worldโs largest meat companies, such as Brazilian meatpacker JBS, and the major U.S. companies Tyson Foods and Cargill.9โMembers,โ Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef. Archived June 13, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/R3rqb
ย
ย Members also include powerful industry associations such as the Meat Institute and National Cattlemenโs Beef Association, which have repeatedly lobbied against regulatorsโ attempts to introduce binding measures that would help reduce the livestock sectorโs emissions.10Lazarus et al., โThe climate responsibilities of industrial meat and dairy producers,โย Climatic Change, March 25, 2021. DOI:ย https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-021-03047-7ย Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
The GRSB has rejected the need to reduce beef consumption in light of the industryโs impact on the climate, and emphasises the beef industryโs ability to be sustainable without the need for reductions in livestock.11โBackground to Principles and Criteria,โ Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef. Archived April 16, 2024. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
This position contradicts the findings of several major assessments on climate change, including from the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and EAT-Lancet, which have recommended reducing meat consumption in high and middle-ย income countries.12โSpecial Rreport on Climate Change and Land (SRCCL),โ International Panel on Climate Change, 2022. Archived June 20, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog. 13Willet et al., โFood in the Anthropocene: the EATโLancetย Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems,โ The Lancet, 2019. DOI:ย 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31788-4ย Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
In 2021, the Guardian reportedย that GRSB was part of a grouping of livestock industry groups threatening to withdraw from the 2021 UN Food Systems Summit if the summit did not support continued high levels of meat production.14Sophie Kevany. โLivestock industry lobbying UN to support more meat production,โ The Guardian, September 21, 2021. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/U6Ntuย ย
GRSBโs 2014 principles and criteriaย met with a backlash from more than 20 environmental non-profits in the U.S.ย who criticised a lack of binding and measurable targets and argued the document read as an โindustry-led attempt to greenwash conventional beef production”.15โDraft of the 2014 Principles and Criteria for Sustainable Beef,โย Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef, March 17, 2014. Archived July 25. 2025. Archive URL:ย http://archive.today/giH2O 16โ2014 Principles and Criteria for Sustainable Beef,โ Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef, September 15, 2014. Archived August 2, 2022. Archive URL: http://archive.today/fhOvd 17โLeading NGOs Slam Greenwashing by Meat Industry, Demand Beefier Sustainability Standards,โ Common Dreams, November 19, 2020. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/9w8VXย
GRSB hasย takenย a strategy of working with โtrusted messengersโ to promote the beef industry. In 2020, it took advice from the public relations firm MHP Group on using third-party messengers โ including environmental non-profits โ to push a pro-beef message to decision-makers and consumers.18โGRSB Comms Council 2024 Workplan,โย Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef. Archived July 285, 2024. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.ย 19โExecutive Directorโs Message,โ Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef, August 11, 2025. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/7aUuP
Stance on Climate Change
According to the GRSBโs website, their own devised climate initiative โaims to globally reduce by 30% the net global warming impact of each unit of beef by 2030, on a pathway to climate neutrality.โ20โGlobal Beef Sustainability Goal: Climate,โย Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef. Archived July 27, 2025. Archive URL: http://archive.today/BRLzV
The groupโs โClimateโ page continues:
โIn order to support the urgent global ambition of limiting global temperature rises to 1.5 degrees by 2030, GRSB members will implement and incentivize climate smart beef production, processing, and trade, while safeguarding and building upon the carbon stores in soil and landscapes.โ
The initiativeโs climate page primarily mentions carbon sequestration in soils and โclimate smartโ agricultural techniques as methods for the sector to cut its climate impact.
โClimate smartโ agriculture has no official definition, and environmental groups have raised concerns about the termโs potential to contribute to greenwashing.21Rachel Sherrington. โBig Agriculture Casts Itself as Climate Champion Ahead of COP27,โ DeSmog, October 6, 2022. Numerous assessments have highlighted the limitations of soil carbon sequestration as a means down the livestock sectorโs emissions.22Joe Fassler. โResearch Undermines Claims that Soil Carbon Can Offset Livestock Emissions,โ DeSmog, February 1, 2024. 23Harwatt et al., โOptions for a Paris-Compliant Livestock Sector,โ 2024. Harvard Law School Animal Law and Policy Program. Archived July 6, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
In addition to statements on its website, GRSB has previously rejectedย calls for reductions to beef production or consumptionย in light of climate change and has pushed back against attempts toย promote less meat-centric diets.24โBackground to Principles and Criteria,โ Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef. Archived April 16, 2014.ย Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog. 25Sophie Kevany. โLivestock industry lobbying UN to support more meat production,โ The Guardian, September 21, 2021. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/U6Ntuย 26โFacts and Figures: Hereโs where every one of us can make a difference: Food,โ United Nations: Act Now, Archived July 16, 2025. Archived .pdf available at DeSmog.
In 2020, GRSB partnered with Engine MHP, an agency subsidiary of MHP Group owned byย the public relations company Next 15 Group, in crafting a response โto send to the heads of relevant UN bodies and their communications departmentsโ to push backย against the UNโs #ActNow campaign. Thisย 2020 initiative encouraged people to eat more plant-based foods to reduce their carbon footprints.27Harwatt et al., โOptions for a Paris-Compliant Livestock Sector,โ 2024. Harvard Law School Animal Law and Policy Program. Archived July 6, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog. 28โExective Directorโs Message,โ Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef, August 11, 2025. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/7aUuP 29โFacts and Figures: Hereโs where every one of us can make a difference: Food,โ UN Act Now. Archived July 16, 2025. Archived .pdf available at DeSmog.
The UNโs Act Now campaign stated that: โShifting to healthy diets that include sustainability considerations can contribute to reductions in environmental impacts on land, energy and water use.
โA diet that is higher in plant-based foods, such as vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds, and lower in animal-based foods, has a lower environmental impact (greenhouse gas emissions and energy, land, and water use).โ
The Act Now campaignโs aims cohere with the findings of other assessments on climate change.
ย
In its latest (sixth) assessment, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) recommended a move to โless meat-intensive dietsโ and reducing meat and dairy in diets for high and middle-ย income consumers.
Another major scientific assessment,ย –ย a report published by the 2019 EAT-Lancet Commission, found that global red meat consumption should be cut by over 50 percent on average globally, to feed a global population while respecting planetary boundaries.30Willet et al., โFood in the Anthropocene: the EATโLancetย Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems,โ The Lancet, 2019. DOI:ย 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31788-4ย Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
Other scientific studies have also emphasised the importance of dietary changes, given the limited ability of technical measures to bring downย agricultural emissions.31โGlobal Methane Assessment,โ Climate and Clean Air Coalition and United Nations Environment Programme, 2021. Archived June 12, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog. 32Reisinger et al., โHow necessary and feasible are reductions of methane emissions from livestock to support stringent temperature goals?,โย Royal Society.Archived July 28, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
GRSBโs climate target, introduced in 2021, does not callย for absolute reductions to the industryโs emissions, which climate scientists have said are needed to meet global climate targets and avoid dangerous tipping points.33โGlobal Beef Sustainability Goal: Climate,โ Global Roundtable on Sustainable Beef. Archived April 18, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/L8GI0ย 34Harwatt et al., โOptions for a Paris-Compliant Livestock Sector,โ 2024.ย Harvard Law School Animal Law and Policy Program.ย Archived July 6, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
The livestock sector is responsible for 32 percent of global emissions of methane โ, a potent greenhouse gas produced by cattle,ย which is responsible for a third of global warming to date.35โGlobal Methane Assessment,โ Climate and Clean Air Coalition and United Nations Environment Programme, 2021. Archived June 12, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
The United Nationsโ 2021 Global Methane Assessment found we will need to cut levels of methane by 40 toย โ- 45 percent by 2030 to avert dangerous global warming..36โGlobal Methane Assessment,โ Climate and Clean Air Coalition and United Nations Environment Programme, 2021. Archived June 12, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
A 2024 survey of more than 200 climate experts published by Harvard University this March found that emissions from the livestock sector would need to fall by 61 percent by 2036 to meet global climate goals.37Harwatt et al., โOptions for a Paris-Compliant Livestock Sector,โ 2024. Harvard Law School Animal Law and Policy Program. Archived July 6, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
The livestock sector is responsible for 12โ20 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions, depending on the model used.38โLivestock Donโt Contribute 14.5% of Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions,โ The Breakthrough Institute. Archived July 28, 2025. Archive URL: http://archive.today/hRPzYย A 2021 estimate published in Nature estimated the beef sectorโs emissions to be responsible for 9 percent of all global emissions, which is slightly more than the emissions of India.39 Xu et al., โGlobal greenhouse gas emissions from animal-based foods are twice those of plant-based foods,โย Nature Food, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-021-00358-x. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog. 40โIndia Emissions,โ Worldometer. Archived July 28, 2025. Archive URL:ย http://archive.today/uWM4T
Key Actions
November 2023
GRSB sent representatives to COP28 in Dubai to advance their messageย about the โsustainabilityโ of beef and livestock production in light of climate change. According to an update on GRSBโs website, GRSB sent the groupโs leaders to promote the idea that โsustainable beef production can contribute to mitigating climate change.โ41โGlobal Roundtable for Sustainable Beef attends COP28โ, December 2023. Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef. Archived July 26, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/mVRp
ย
According to documents from the Global Meat Alliance, which has described itself as an โinternational networking groupโ for the global beef sector,ย GRSB was part of a wider coordinated PR effort by industrial producers to present meat as โsustainable nutritionโ and โtell our story wellโ at the summit โ where the role of agriculture in driving emissions was high on the agenda.42Rachel Sherrington. โBig Meat Unveils Battle Plans for COP28,โ DeSmog, November 29, 2023. 43โGlobal Sector Engagement Tracker: COP28,โ Global Meat Alliance, October 18, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
September 2021
ย
In 2021, Theย Guardian reported that GRSB was part of a grouping of livestock industry groups that threatened to withdraw from the 2021 UN Food Systems Summit if the summit did not support increased meat production.44Sophie Kevany. โLivestock industry lobbying UN to support more meat production,โ The Guardian, September 21, 2021. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive.ph: https://archive.ph/U6Ntuย
August 2020
GRSB partnered with Engine MHP, an agency subsidiary of MHP Group owned byย the public relations company Next 15 Group, in crafting a response โto send to the heads of relevant UN bodies and their communications departmentsโ toย push backย against the UNโs #ActNow campaign,ย a 2020 initiative which encouraged people to eat more plant-based foods to reduce their carbon footprints.45โExective Directorโs Message,โ Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef, August 11, 2025. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/7aUuP 46โFacts and Figures: Hereโs where every one of us can make a difference: Food,โ UN Act Now. Archived July 16, 2025. Archived .pdf available at DeSmog.
July 2020
ย
GRSBย hiredย London-based strategic communications agency, MHP Group โ a strategic communications agency with specialisms in reputation management and crisis management โ to assist with developing a โnew narrativeโ around beef.47โ2020 Annual Report โ Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef,โ GRSB. Archived July 28, 2025. Archive URL: http://archive.today/3488R
November 19, 2014
The GRSBโs Principles and Criteria met withbacklash from environmental groups, including Friends of the Earth Europe, Slow Food USA, and Food and Water Watch.48โResponse to the Global Roundtable on Sustainable Beef Principles and Criteria for โSustainable Beefโ,โ November 19, 2024.ย Friends of the Earth. November 2014. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/LUB9Kย
ย
These groups cautioned that, unless GRSB introduced more concrete and ambitious targets, the principles and criteria would read as an โindustry-led attempt to greenwash conventional beef productionโ..49โLeading NGOs Slam Greenwashing by Meat Industry, Demand Beefier Sustainability Standards,โ Common Dreams, November 19, 2020. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/9w8VXย
ย
November 1โ3, 2010
ย
ย Founding partners of the GRSB, including the World Wildlife Foundation and McDonaldโs,ย organised a โGlobal Conference on Sustainable Beefโ to start a dialogue about how to make their sector more sustainable in the face of rising scrutiny and awareness of livestockโs climate and environmental impacts. Thisย led to the formation of the Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef in 2012.50John Condon โMomentum grows for Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beefโย ย Beef Central, November 9, 2013. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive.ph URL: https://archive.ph/cWuiF 51Harwatt et al., โOptions for a Paris-Compliant Livestock Sector,โ 2024.ย Harvard Law School Animal Law and Policy Program. Archived July 6, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog. 52Kenny Torella. โHow the most powerful environmental groups help greenwash Big Meatโs climate impact,โ Vox, August 7, 2024. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/fY3pO
Funding
GRSB is funded by donations from its members, as well as external donors to its projects.
Affiliations
The GRSBโs members include the following:53โMembers,โ Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef. Archived June 13, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/R3rqb
Producer Constituency
ย
Angus Uruguay
AA Co
Beef + Lamb New Zealand
Belvedere Agriculture
Cattle Australia
Dairy Sustainability Framework
East Foundation
Hana Ranch
Herd Advance
Dr Laurie Marker
McFadden Enterprises
Meat & Livestock Australia
Mt Brisbane
National Cattlemenโs Beef Association
National Livestock Producers Association
Sol Dorado
Systems Insight Ltd
Tri-L Ranch
Wilson Flying Diamond Ranch
Processing Constituency
ABIEC
Cargill
ComGroup
Greenham
Frigorรญfico Manu
Golden State Foods
Harvest Road
INALCA
JBS
Marfrig
Minerva Foods
OSI Group
Prima Baguz
Retail Constituency
A&W
Burger King
Jollibee Foods Corporation
Lidl
Mars Petcare
McDonalds
Simmenthal
Woolworths Group
Allied Services and Industries Constituency
ABS
Acceligen
AgriWebb
Alltech
ArkeaBio
BackStory
Boomitra
Breedr
C-Lock Inc
Ceres Tag
Certified Sustainable
CME Group
Consolidated Food Co
FMG Global
Herd Watch
HuvePharma
Imperative
Impetus Animal Welfare
LCT Low Carbon Technologies
LSQA
Melliens
Rinse & Chill
Organic Systems & Solutions
Oritain
Pampa Oriental
Perennial
ProAgni
Rabobank
Smart Paddock
Synergraze
Terratio
Textile Exchange
Vytelle
Where Food Comes From
Zinpro
Zoetis
ย
Roundtable Constituency
Australian Beef Sustainability Framework
Brazilian Roundtable on Sustainable Livestock
Canadian Roundtable for Sustainable Beef
Mesa Argentina De Carne Sustenable
Mesa Redonda De Ganderia Sustenable de Mexico
European Roundtable for Beef Sustainability
Mesa Ganaderia Sostenible Colombia
Mesa Paraguaya de Carne Sostenible
New Zealand Roundtable for Sustainable Beef
Mesa Uruguaya de Carne Sostenible
South Africa Region Roundtable for Sustainable Beef
U.S. Roundtable for Sustainable Beef
Civil Society Constituency
Beef Shorthorn
Datamars Sustainability Foundation
National Wildlife Federation
The Nature Conservancy
Savory Institute
WWF
Consulting Members
AbacusBio
Bord Bรญa (Irish Food Board)
Department of Agriculture (State of Hawaii)
Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock
IICA
INIA Uruguay
Leather Working Group
Preferred by Nature
Pro-forest
UC Davis CLEAR Center
The University of Queensland
Pip Band
Dr Holly Gibbs
Vet Salus
- 1โGlobal Conference on Sustainable Beef: Home,โ Global Conference for Sustainable Beef. Archived October 2, 2024. Archive URL: http://archive.today/QpRHg
- 2โGlobal Conference on Sustainable Beef: Setting the Table for Dialogue,โ Global Conference for Sustainable Beef. Archived October 3, 2025. Archive URL:ย http://archive.today/VT8lZย
- 3โIndustries: Beef,โ World Wildlife Fund, Archived December 26, 2024. Archive URL: http://archive.today/0sgrVย
- 4โLivestockโs Long Shadow,โ Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, 2006. Archived July 17, 2025. Archive URL: http://archive.today/fIl1j
- 5โLivestockโs Long Shadow,โ Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations: Livestock, Environment and Development (LEAD) Initiative. Archived June30, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 6John Condon. โMomentum grows for Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef,โ ย Beef Central, November 9, 2013. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/cWuiF
- 7Kenny Torella. โHow the most powerful environmental groups help greenwash Big Meatโs climate impact,โ Vox, Auust 7, 2024. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL:ย https://archive.ph/fY3pO
- 8โLivestockโs Long Shadow,โ Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations: Livestock, Environment and Development (LEAD) Initiative, 2006. Archived Juneย 30, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 9โMembers,โ Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef. Archived June 13, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/R3rqb
- 10Lazarus et al., โThe climate responsibilities of industrial meat and dairy producers,โย Climatic Change, March 25, 2021. DOI:ย https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-021-03047-7ย Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 11โBackground to Principles and Criteria,โ Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef. Archived April 16, 2024. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 12โSpecial Rreport on Climate Change and Land (SRCCL),โ International Panel on Climate Change, 2022. Archived June 20, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 13Willet et al., โFood in the Anthropocene: the EATโLancetย Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems,โ The Lancet, 2019. DOI:ย 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31788-4ย Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 14Sophie Kevany. โLivestock industry lobbying UN to support more meat production,โ The Guardian, September 21, 2021. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/U6Ntuย ย
- 15โDraft of the 2014 Principles and Criteria for Sustainable Beef,โย Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef, March 17, 2014. Archived July 25. 2025. Archive URL:ย http://archive.today/giH2O
- 16โ2014 Principles and Criteria for Sustainable Beef,โ Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef, September 15, 2014. Archived August 2, 2022. Archive URL: http://archive.today/fhOvd
- 17โLeading NGOs Slam Greenwashing by Meat Industry, Demand Beefier Sustainability Standards,โ Common Dreams, November 19, 2020. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/9w8VXย
- 18โGRSB Comms Council 2024 Workplan,โย Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef. Archived July 285, 2024. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 19โExecutive Directorโs Message,โ Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef, August 11, 2025. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/7aUuP
- 20โGlobal Beef Sustainability Goal: Climate,โย Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef. Archived July 27, 2025. Archive URL: http://archive.today/BRLzV
- 21Rachel Sherrington. โBig Agriculture Casts Itself as Climate Champion Ahead of COP27,โ DeSmog, October 6, 2022.
- 22Joe Fassler. โResearch Undermines Claims that Soil Carbon Can Offset Livestock Emissions,โ DeSmog, February 1, 2024.
- 23Harwatt et al., โOptions for a Paris-Compliant Livestock Sector,โ 2024. Harvard Law School Animal Law and Policy Program. Archived July 6, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 24โBackground to Principles and Criteria,โ Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef. Archived April 16, 2014.ย Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 25Sophie Kevany. โLivestock industry lobbying UN to support more meat production,โ The Guardian, September 21, 2021. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/U6Ntu
- 26โFacts and Figures: Hereโs where every one of us can make a difference: Food,โ United Nations: Act Now, Archived July 16, 2025. Archived .pdf available at DeSmog.
- 27Harwatt et al., โOptions for a Paris-Compliant Livestock Sector,โ 2024. Harvard Law School Animal Law and Policy Program. Archived July 6, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 28โExective Directorโs Message,โ Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef, August 11, 2025. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/7aUuP
- 29โFacts and Figures: Hereโs where every one of us can make a difference: Food,โ UN Act Now. Archived July 16, 2025. Archived .pdf available at DeSmog.
- 30Willet et al., โFood in the Anthropocene: the EATโLancetย Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems,โ The Lancet, 2019. DOI:ย 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31788-4ย Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 31โGlobal Methane Assessment,โ Climate and Clean Air Coalition and United Nations Environment Programme, 2021. Archived June 12, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 32Reisinger et al., โHow necessary and feasible are reductions of methane emissions from livestock to support stringent temperature goals?,โย Royal Society.Archived July 28, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 33โGlobal Beef Sustainability Goal: Climate,โ Global Roundtable on Sustainable Beef. Archived April 18, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/L8GI0
- 34Harwatt et al., โOptions for a Paris-Compliant Livestock Sector,โ 2024.ย Harvard Law School Animal Law and Policy Program.ย Archived July 6, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 35โGlobal Methane Assessment,โ Climate and Clean Air Coalition and United Nations Environment Programme, 2021. Archived June 12, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 36โGlobal Methane Assessment,โ Climate and Clean Air Coalition and United Nations Environment Programme, 2021. Archived June 12, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 37Harwatt et al., โOptions for a Paris-Compliant Livestock Sector,โ 2024. Harvard Law School Animal Law and Policy Program. Archived July 6, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 38โLivestock Donโt Contribute 14.5% of Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions,โ The Breakthrough Institute. Archived July 28, 2025. Archive URL: http://archive.today/hRPzY
- 39Xu et al., โGlobal greenhouse gas emissions from animal-based foods are twice those of plant-based foods,โย Nature Food, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-021-00358-x. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 40โIndia Emissions,โ Worldometer. Archived July 28, 2025. Archive URL:ย http://archive.today/uWM4T
- 41โGlobal Roundtable for Sustainable Beef attends COP28โ, December 2023. Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef. Archived July 26, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/mVRp
- 42Rachel Sherrington. โBig Meat Unveils Battle Plans for COP28,โ DeSmog, November 29, 2023.
- 43โGlobal Sector Engagement Tracker: COP28,โ Global Meat Alliance, October 18, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 44Sophie Kevany. โLivestock industry lobbying UN to support more meat production,โ The Guardian, September 21, 2021. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive.ph: https://archive.ph/U6Ntu
- 45โExective Directorโs Message,โ Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef, August 11, 2025. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/7aUuP
- 46โFacts and Figures: Hereโs where every one of us can make a difference: Food,โ UN Act Now. Archived July 16, 2025. Archived .pdf available at DeSmog.
- 47โ2020 Annual Report โ Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef,โ GRSB. Archived July 28, 2025. Archive URL: http://archive.today/3488R
- 48โResponse to the Global Roundtable on Sustainable Beef Principles and Criteria for โSustainable Beefโ,โ November 19, 2024.ย Friends of the Earth. November 2014. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/LUB9K
- 49โLeading NGOs Slam Greenwashing by Meat Industry, Demand Beefier Sustainability Standards,โ Common Dreams, November 19, 2020. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/9w8VXย
- 50John Condon โMomentum grows for Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beefโย ย Beef Central, November 9, 2013. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive.ph URL: https://archive.ph/cWuiF
- 51Harwatt et al., โOptions for a Paris-Compliant Livestock Sector,โ 2024.ย Harvard Law School Animal Law and Policy Program. Archived July 6, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 52Kenny Torella. โHow the most powerful environmental groups help greenwash Big Meatโs climate impact,โ Vox, August 7, 2024. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/fY3pO
- 53โMembers,โ Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef. Archived June 13, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/R3rqb