Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef

Background

The Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef (GRSB) is a voluntary initiative comprising beef companies, retailers, industry groups, environmental non-profits, research institutes, and government-funded agencies.

It was established in 2012 following a 2010 โ€œGlobal Conference on Sustainable Beefโ€ organised by several of GRSBโ€™sย founding partners, including the environmental non-profitย World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and fast-food chain McDonaldโ€™s.1โ€œGlobal Conference on Sustainable Beef: Home,โ€ Global Conference for Sustainable Beef. Archived October 2, 2024. Archive URL: http://archive.today/QpRHg 2โ€œGlobal Conference on Sustainable Beef: Setting the Table for Dialogue,โ€ Global Conference for Sustainable Beef. Archived October 3, 2025. Archive URL:ย http://archive.today/VT8lZย  3โ€œIndustries: Beef,โ€ World Wildlife Fund, Archived December 26, 2024. Archive URL: http://archive.today/0sgrVย 

This conference followed increased scrutiny of the livestock industry in the wake of the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organizationโ€™s (FAO) 2006 report, โ€œLivestockโ€™s Long Shadowโ€, which highlighted the sector as a major driver of greenhouse gas emissions and environmental problems worldwide.4โ€œLivestockโ€™s Long Shadow,โ€ Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, 2006. Archived July 17, 2025. Archive URL: http://archive.today/fIl1j 5โ€œLivestockโ€™s Long Shadow,โ€ Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations: Livestock, Environment and Development (LEAD) Initiative. Archived June30, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog. 6John Condon. โ€œMomentum grows for Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef,โ€ ย Beef Central, November 9, 2013. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/cWuiF 7Kenny Torella. โ€œHow the most powerful environmental groups help greenwash Big Meatโ€™s climate impact,โ€ Vox, Auust 7, 2024. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL:ย https://archive.ph/fY3pO ย 8โ€œLivestockโ€™s Long Shadow,โ€ Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations: Livestock, Environment and Development (LEAD) Initiative, 2006. Archived Juneย 30, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.

In addition to its founding partners, members of the GRSBย include several of the worldโ€™s largest meat companies, such as Brazilian meatpacker JBS, and the major U.S. companies Tyson Foods and Cargill.9โ€œMembers,โ€ Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef. Archived June 13, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/R3rqb
ย 
ย Members also include powerful industry associations such as the Meat Institute and National Cattlemenโ€™s Beef Association, which have repeatedly lobbied against regulatorsโ€™ attempts to introduce binding measures that would help reduce the livestock sectorโ€™s emissions.10Lazarus et al., โ€œThe climate responsibilities of industrial meat and dairy producers,โ€ย Climatic Change, March 25, 2021. DOI:ย https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-021-03047-7ย Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.

The GRSB has rejected the need to reduce beef consumption in light of the industryโ€™s impact on the climate, and emphasises the beef industryโ€™s ability to be sustainable without the need for reductions in livestock.11โ€œBackground to Principles and Criteria,โ€ Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef. Archived April 16, 2024. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.

This position contradicts the findings of several major assessments on climate change, including from the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and EAT-Lancet, which have recommended reducing meat consumption in high and middle-ย income countries.12โ€œSpecial Rreport on Climate Change and Land (SRCCL),โ€ International Panel on Climate Change, 2022. Archived June 20, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog. 13Willet et al., โ€œFood in the Anthropocene: the EATโ€“Lancetย Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems,โ€ The Lancet, 2019. DOI:ย 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31788-4ย Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.

In 2021, the Guardian reportedย that GRSB was part of a grouping of livestock industry groups threatening to withdraw from the 2021 UN Food Systems Summit if the summit did not support continued high levels of meat production.14Sophie Kevany. โ€œLivestock industry lobbying UN to support more meat production,โ€ The Guardian, September 21, 2021. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/U6Ntuย ย 

GRSBโ€™s 2014 principles and criteriaย met with a backlash from more than 20 environmental non-profits in the U.S.ย who criticised a lack of binding and measurable targets and argued the document read as an โ€œindustry-led attempt to greenwash conventional beef production”.15โ€œDraft of the 2014 Principles and Criteria for Sustainable Beef,โ€ย Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef, March 17, 2014. Archived July 25. 2025. Archive URL:ย http://archive.today/giH2O 16โ€œ2014 Principles and Criteria for Sustainable Beef,โ€ Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef, September 15, 2014. Archived August 2, 2022. Archive URL: http://archive.today/fhOvd 17โ€œLeading NGOs Slam Greenwashing by Meat Industry, Demand Beefier Sustainability Standards,โ€ Common Dreams, November 19, 2020. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/9w8VXย 

GRSB hasย takenย a strategy of working with โ€œtrusted messengersโ€ to promote the beef industry. In 2020, it took advice from the public relations firm MHP Group on using third-party messengers โ€” including environmental non-profits โ€” to push a pro-beef message to decision-makers and consumers.18โ€œGRSB Comms Council 2024 Workplan,โ€ย Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef. Archived July 285, 2024. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.ย 19โ€œExecutive Directorโ€™s Message,โ€ Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef, August 11, 2025. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/7aUuP

Stance on Climate Change

According to the GRSBโ€™s website, their own devised climate initiative โ€œaims to globally reduce by 30% the net global warming impact of each unit of beef by 2030, on a pathway to climate neutrality.โ€20โ€œGlobal Beef Sustainability Goal: Climate,โ€ย Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef. Archived July 27, 2025. Archive URL: http://archive.today/BRLzV

The groupโ€™s โ€œClimateโ€ page continues:

โ€œIn order to support the urgent global ambition of limiting global temperature rises to 1.5 degrees by 2030, GRSB members will implement and incentivize climate smart beef production, processing, and trade, while safeguarding and building upon the carbon stores in soil and landscapes.โ€

The initiativeโ€™s climate page primarily mentions carbon sequestration in soils and โ€œclimate smartโ€ agricultural techniques as methods for the sector to cut its climate impact.

โ€œClimate smartโ€ agriculture has no official definition, and environmental groups have raised concerns about the termโ€™s potential to contribute to greenwashing.21Rachel Sherrington. โ€œBig Agriculture Casts Itself as Climate Champion Ahead of COP27,โ€ DeSmog, October 6, 2022. Numerous assessments have highlighted the limitations of soil carbon sequestration as a means down the livestock sectorโ€™s emissions.22Joe Fassler. โ€œResearch Undermines Claims that Soil Carbon Can Offset Livestock Emissions,โ€ DeSmog, February 1, 2024. 23Harwatt et al., โ€œOptions for a Paris-Compliant Livestock Sector,โ€ 2024. Harvard Law School Animal Law and Policy Program. Archived July 6, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.

In addition to statements on its website, GRSB has previously rejectedย calls for reductions to beef production or consumptionย in light of climate change and has pushed back against attempts toย promote less meat-centric diets.24โ€œBackground to Principles and Criteria,โ€ Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef. Archived April 16, 2014.ย Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog. 25Sophie Kevany. โ€œLivestock industry lobbying UN to support more meat production,โ€ The Guardian, September 21, 2021. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/U6Ntuย 26โ€œFacts and Figures: Hereโ€™s where every one of us can make a difference: Food,โ€ United Nations: Act Now, Archived July 16, 2025. Archived .pdf available at DeSmog.

In 2020, GRSB partnered with Engine MHP, an agency subsidiary of MHP Group owned byย the public relations company Next 15 Group, in crafting a response โ€œto send to the heads of relevant UN bodies and their communications departmentsโ€ to push backย against the UNโ€™s #ActNow campaign. Thisย 2020 initiative encouraged people to eat more plant-based foods to reduce their carbon footprints.27Harwatt et al., โ€œOptions for a Paris-Compliant Livestock Sector,โ€ 2024. Harvard Law School Animal Law and Policy Program. Archived July 6, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog. 28โ€œExective Directorโ€™s Message,โ€ Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef, August 11, 2025. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/7aUuP 29โ€œFacts and Figures: Hereโ€™s where every one of us can make a difference: Food,โ€ UN Act Now. Archived July 16, 2025. Archived .pdf available at DeSmog.

The UNโ€™s Act Now campaign stated that: โ€œShifting to healthy diets that include sustainability considerations can contribute to reductions in environmental impacts on land, energy and water use.

โ€œA diet that is higher in plant-based foods, such as vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds, and lower in animal-based foods, has a lower environmental impact (greenhouse gas emissions and energy, land, and water use).โ€

The Act Now campaignโ€™s aims cohere with the findings of other assessments on climate change.
ย 
In its latest (sixth) assessment, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) recommended a move to โ€œless meat-intensive dietsโ€ and reducing meat and dairy in diets for high and middle-ย income consumers.

Another major scientific assessment,ย  –ย a report published by the 2019 EAT-Lancet Commission, found that global red meat consumption should be cut by over 50 percent on average globally, to feed a global population while respecting planetary boundaries.30Willet et al., โ€œFood in the Anthropocene: the EATโ€“Lancetย Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems,โ€ The Lancet, 2019. DOI:ย 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31788-4ย Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.

Other scientific studies have also emphasised the importance of dietary changes, given the limited ability of technical measures to bring downย agricultural emissions.31โ€œGlobal Methane Assessment,โ€ Climate and Clean Air Coalition and United Nations Environment Programme, 2021. Archived June 12, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog. 32Reisinger et al., โ€œHow necessary and feasible are reductions of methane emissions from livestock to support stringent temperature goals?,โ€ย Royal Society.Archived July 28, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.

GRSBโ€™s climate target, introduced in 2021, does not callย for absolute reductions to the industryโ€™s emissions, which climate scientists have said are needed to meet global climate targets and avoid dangerous tipping points.33โ€œGlobal Beef Sustainability Goal: Climate,โ€ Global Roundtable on Sustainable Beef. Archived April 18, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/L8GI0ย  34Harwatt et al., โ€œOptions for a Paris-Compliant Livestock Sector,โ€ 2024.ย Harvard Law School Animal Law and Policy Program.ย Archived July 6, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.

The livestock sector is responsible for 32 percent of global emissions of methane โ€”, a potent greenhouse gas produced by cattle,ย which is responsible for a third of global warming to date.35โ€œGlobal Methane Assessment,โ€ Climate and Clean Air Coalition and United Nations Environment Programme, 2021. Archived June 12, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.

The United Nationsโ€™ 2021 Global Methane Assessment found we will need to cut levels of methane by 40 toย โ€“- 45 percent by 2030 to avert dangerous global warming..36โ€œGlobal Methane Assessment,โ€ Climate and Clean Air Coalition and United Nations Environment Programme, 2021. Archived June 12, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.

A 2024 survey of more than 200 climate experts published by Harvard University this March found that emissions from the livestock sector would need to fall by 61 percent by 2036 to meet global climate goals.37Harwatt et al., โ€œOptions for a Paris-Compliant Livestock Sector,โ€ 2024. Harvard Law School Animal Law and Policy Program. Archived July 6, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.

The livestock sector is responsible for 12โ€“20 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions, depending on the model used.38โ€œLivestock Donโ€™t Contribute 14.5% of Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions,โ€ The Breakthrough Institute. Archived July 28, 2025. Archive URL: http://archive.today/hRPzYย A 2021 estimate published in Nature estimated the beef sectorโ€™s emissions to be responsible for 9 percent of all global emissions, which is slightly more than the emissions of India.39 Xu et al., โ€œGlobal greenhouse gas emissions from animal-based foods are twice those of plant-based foods,โ€ย Nature Food, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-021-00358-x. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog. 40โ€œIndia Emissions,โ€ Worldometer. Archived July 28, 2025. Archive URL:ย http://archive.today/uWM4T

Key Actions

November 2023

GRSB sent representatives to COP28 in Dubai to advance their messageย about the โ€œsustainabilityโ€ of beef and livestock production in light of climate change. According to an update on GRSBโ€™s website, GRSB sent the groupโ€™s leaders to promote the idea that โ€œsustainable beef production can contribute to mitigating climate change.โ€41โ€œGlobal Roundtable for Sustainable Beef attends COP28โ€, December 2023. Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef. Archived July 26, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/mVRp
ย 
According to documents from the Global Meat Alliance, which has described itself as an โ€œinternational networking groupโ€ for the global beef sector,ย GRSB was part of a wider coordinated PR effort by industrial producers to present meat as โ€œsustainable nutritionโ€ and โ€œtell our story wellโ€ at the summit โ€” where the role of agriculture in driving emissions was high on the agenda.42Rachel Sherrington. โ€œBig Meat Unveils Battle Plans for COP28,โ€ DeSmog, November 29, 2023. 43โ€Global Sector Engagement Tracker: COP28,โ€ Global Meat Alliance, October 18, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.

September 2021
ย 
In 2021, Theย Guardian reported that GRSB was part of a grouping of livestock industry groups that threatened to withdraw from the 2021 UN Food Systems Summit if the summit did not support increased meat production.44Sophie Kevany. โ€œLivestock industry lobbying UN to support more meat production,โ€ The Guardian, September 21, 2021. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive.ph: https://archive.ph/U6Ntuย 

August 2020

GRSB partnered with Engine MHP, an agency subsidiary of MHP Group owned byย the public relations company Next 15 Group, in crafting a response โ€œto send to the heads of relevant UN bodies and their communications departmentsโ€ toย push backย against the UNโ€™s #ActNow campaign,ย a 2020 initiative which encouraged people to eat more plant-based foods to reduce their carbon footprints.45โ€œExective Directorโ€™s Message,โ€ Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef, August 11, 2025. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/7aUuP 46โ€œFacts and Figures: Hereโ€™s where every one of us can make a difference: Food,โ€ UN Act Now. Archived July 16, 2025. Archived .pdf available at DeSmog.

July 2020
ย 
GRSBย hiredย London-based strategic communications agency, MHP Group โ€” a strategic communications agency with specialisms in reputation management and crisis management โ€” to assist with developing a โ€˜new narrativeโ€™ around beef.47โ€œ2020 Annual Report โ€“ Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef,โ€ GRSB. Archived July 28, 2025. Archive URL: http://archive.today/3488R

November 19, 2014

The GRSBโ€™s Principles and Criteria met withbacklash from environmental groups, including Friends of the Earth Europe, Slow Food USA, and Food and Water Watch.48โ€œResponse to the Global Roundtable on Sustainable Beef Principles and Criteria for โ€˜Sustainable Beefโ€™,โ€ November 19, 2024.ย Friends of the Earth. November 2014. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/LUB9Kย 
ย 
These groups cautioned that, unless GRSB introduced more concrete and ambitious targets, the principles and criteria would read as an โ€œindustry-led attempt to greenwash conventional beef productionโ€..49โ€œLeading NGOs Slam Greenwashing by Meat Industry, Demand Beefier Sustainability Standards,โ€ Common Dreams, November 19, 2020. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/9w8VXย 
ย 

November 1โ€“3, 2010
ย 
ย 
Founding partners of the GRSB, including the World Wildlife Foundation and McDonaldโ€™s,ย organised a โ€œGlobal Conference on Sustainable Beefโ€ to start a dialogue about how to make their sector more sustainable in the face of rising scrutiny and awareness of livestockโ€™s climate and environmental impacts. Thisย led to the formation of the Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef in 2012.50John Condon โ€œMomentum grows for Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beefโ€ย ย Beef Central, November 9, 2013. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive.ph URL: https://archive.ph/cWuiF 51Harwatt et al., โ€œOptions for a Paris-Compliant Livestock Sector,โ€ 2024.ย Harvard Law School Animal Law and Policy Program. Archived July 6, 2025. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog. 52Kenny Torella. โ€œHow the most powerful environmental groups help greenwash Big Meatโ€™s climate impact,โ€ Vox, August 7, 2024. Archived July 25, 2025. Archive.ph URL:ย https://archive.ph/fY3pO

Funding

GRSB is funded by donations from its members, as well as external donors to its projects. 

Affiliations

The GRSBโ€™s members include the following:53โ€œMembers,โ€ Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef. Archived June 13, 2025. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/R3rqb

Producer Constituency
ย 

Angus Uruguay

AA Co

Beef + Lamb New Zealand

Belvedere Agriculture

Cattle Australia

Dairy Sustainability Framework

East Foundation

Hana Ranch

Herd Advance

Dr Laurie Marker

McFadden Enterprises

Meat & Livestock Australia

Mt Brisbane

National Cattlemenโ€™s Beef Association

National Livestock Producers Association

Sol Dorado

Systems Insight Ltd

Tri-L Ranch

Wilson Flying Diamond Ranch

Processing Constituency

ABIEC

Cargill

ComGroup

Greenham

Frigorรญfico Manu

Golden State Foods

Harvest Road

INALCA

JBS

Marfrig

Minerva Foods

OSI Group

Prima Baguz

Tyson Foods

Retail Constituency

A&W

Burger King

Jollibee Foods Corporation

Lidl

Mars Petcare

McDonalds

Simmenthal

Woolworths Group

Allied Services and Industries Constituency

ABS

Acceligen

AgriWebb

Alltech

ArkeaBio

BackStory

Boomitra

Breedr

C-Lock Inc

Ceres Tag

Certified Sustainable

CME Group

Consolidated Food Co

Corteva Agriscience

FMG Global

Herd Watch

HuvePharma

Imperative

Impetus Animal Welfare

LCT Low Carbon Technologies

LSQA

Melliens

Rinse & Chill

Organic Systems & Solutions

Oritain

Pampa Oriental

Perennial

ProAgni

Rabobank

Smart Paddock

Synergraze

Terratio

Textile Exchange

Vytelle

Where Food Comes From

Zinpro

Zoetis
ย 
Roundtable Constituency

Australian Beef Sustainability Framework

Brazilian Roundtable on Sustainable Livestock

Canadian Roundtable for Sustainable Beef

Mesa Argentina De Carne Sustenable

Mesa Redonda De Ganderia Sustenable de Mexico

European Roundtable for Beef Sustainability

Mesa Ganaderia Sostenible Colombia

Mesa Paraguaya de Carne Sostenible

New Zealand Roundtable for Sustainable Beef

Mesa Uruguaya de Carne Sostenible

South Africa Region Roundtable for Sustainable Beef

U.S. Roundtable for Sustainable Beef

Civil Society Constituency

Beef Shorthorn

Datamars Sustainability Foundation

Meat Institute

National Wildlife Federation

The Nature Conservancy

Savory Institute

WWF

Consulting Members

AbacusBio

Bord Bรญa (Irish Food Board)

Department of Agriculture (State of Hawaii)

Global Agenda for Sustainable Livestock

IICA

INIA Uruguay

Leather Working Group

Preferred by Nature

Pro-forest

UC Davis CLEAR Center

The University of Queensland

Pip Band

Dr Holly Gibbs

Vet Salus
 

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