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Boris Johnson
Credentials
- Boris Johnson was educated at Eton and Balliol College, Oxford, where he was a Brackenbury Scholar in Classics.1โBoris Johnson Launches the Legatum Institute’s Prosperity for All Project,โ Legatum Institute, March 30, 2015. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/d4dHb
Background
Boris Johnson is the current Prime Minister of the UK, having been elected to lead in the Conservative Party in July 2019. Johnson resigned as Foreign Secretary a year before, holding the position since July 2016. Formerly Mayor of London, Johnson took a leading role in the EU referendum, endorsing the official Vote Leave campaign and acting as a member of the โcore groupโ of its campaign committee.2Mat Hope, Richard Collett-White. โIs Boris Johnson’s Cabinet the Most Anti-Climate Action Ever?โ DeSmog, July 25, 2019. 3โBoris Johnson resigns as Foreign Secretary,โ BBC News, July 9, 2018. Archived August 12, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.fo/BpZZ4 4โThe Rt Hon Boris Johnson MP,โ Gov.uk. Archived January 9, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/DdtEf 5โAbout the campaign,โ VoteLeaveTakeControl.org. Archived June 28, 2016. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/e0PJe
During Johnson’s time at the Foreign Office, there was a 60% cut in climate โattachesโ, which the then UK special representative for climate change and former chief scientist, Prof David King, was forbidden from revealing to the media through a non-disclosure agreement, the Guardian later reported.6Matthew Weaver. โEx-chief scientist fears for UK climate plan if Boris Johnson is PM,โ The Guardian, June 18, 2019. Archived June 18, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/gRWjL
Johnsonโs career began as a journalist at The Times of London, but he was eventually fired in 1988 for falsifying a quote. Later Johnson became The Telegraphโs Brussels correspondent. From 1994 to 1999 he worked as assistant editor at the conservative-leaning magazine The Spectator, before becoming editor from 1999 to 2005. In 2001, he was elected as the Conservative MP for Henley. Johnson was Mayor of London from 2008 to 2016 and has been MP for Uxbridge and South Ruislip since 2015.7Kirsty Major. โWhy are we so surprised that Boris Johnson lied when heโs been sacked for lying twice before?โ Independent, June 27, 2016. Archived January 9, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/9wy4v
While at Oxford University, Johnson was a member of the exclusive Bullingdon Club, which also had senior Tory politicians such as David Cameron and George Osborne as members. Johnson was also on the board of advisors for the now-defunct right wing think tank The Atlantic Bridge founded by International Trade Secretary Liam Fox.8โCameron as leader of the Slightly Silly Party,โ The Telegraph, February 14, 2007. Archived January 9, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/KJxoa 9Elizabeth Day. โGeorge Osborne and the Bullingdon club: what the chancellor saw,โ The Guardian, October 1, 2011. Archived January 9, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/ViDiJ 10Amber Elliott. โLiam Fox interview,โ Total Politics, October 20, 2011. Archived November 22, 2011. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/ViYQA
Stance on Climate Change
June 5, 2020
In a Twitter thread, Johnson wrote:11Boris Johnson. โWhilst we are all rightly focused on beating coronavirus, we cannot lose sight of the need to protect our people and our planet from the devastating threat of climate change and biodiversity loss if nothing is doneโฆโ Tweet by @BorisJohnson on June 5, 2020. Retrieved from Twitter.com. Archived on July 7, 2020. Archived .png on file at DeSmog.
โWhilst we are all rightly focused on beating coronavirus, we cannot lose sight of the need to protect our people and our planet from the devastating threat of climate change and biodiversity loss if nothing is done. 1/4
โThis period has undoubtedly increased our gratitude for and appreciation of the green spaces and nature around us โ providing us with respite during such difficult times. 2/4
โAs we come through this pandemic and begin to rebuild our economies, itโs time to invest in the industries, infrastructure and jobs that will endure any storm โ or even another virus โ so we bounce back stronger than before. 3/4
โWeโre reminded on #WorldEnvironmentDay that nobody can do this alone. Thatโs why we must move towards a greener, cleaner, and more resilient future, and the UK looks forward to working with countries around the world in the run up to @COP26 in Glasgow next year. 4/4โ12Boris Johnson. โWhilst we are all rightly focused on beating coronavirus, we cannot lose sight of the need to protect our people and our planet from the devastating threat of climate change and biodiversity loss if nothing is doneโฆโ Tweet by @BorisJohnson on June 5, 2020. Retrieved from Twitter.com. Archived on July 7, 2020. Archived .png on file at DeSmog.
June 2017
As foreign secretary, when asked his views on President Trumpโs intention to withdraw from the Paris climate agreement, Johnson told Sky News:13Elisabeth O’Leary, Reuters. โBoris Johnson ‘continues to lobby’ US on climate change, Trump’s decision on Paris agreement looms,โ Business Insider, June 1, 2017. Archived January 9, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/BkxEm
โWe continue to lobby the U.S. at all levels to continue to take climate change extremely seriously.โ
December 20, 2015
Writing in the Telegraph, Johnson argued recent warm winter weather had nothing to do with climate change:14Boris Johnson. โI canโt stand this December heat, but it has nothing to do with global warming,โ The Telegraph, December 20, 2015. Archived January 9, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/eB5p3
โIn the view of Piers and his colleagues at WeatherAction, it is all about sun spots, and he is on record as believing that we are now due for a new ‘Maunder Minimum’ โ like the famous cold spell in the 17th century, when the Thames froze several times,โ Johnson wrote.
โWhatever is happening to the weather at the moment, he said, it is nothing to do with the conventional doctrine of climate change.โ
In the column, similarly to one he wrote for the Telegraph in 2013, Johnson refers to the โgreat physicist and meteorologist Piers Corbynโ โ brother of Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn and a known climate science denier.15โItโs snowing, and it really feels like the start of a mini ice age,โ The Telegraph, January 20, 2013. Archived January 9, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/HdbkA
January 20, 2013
In a Telegraph column, Johnson suggested recent cold winters may cast doubt on mainstream climate science.16โItโs snowing, and it really feels like the start of a mini ice age,โ The Telegraph, January 20, 2013. Archived January 9, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/HdbkA
โI am speaking only as a layman who observes that there is plenty of snow in our winters these days, and who wonders whether it might be time for government to start taking seriously the possibility โ however remote โ that [Piers] Corbyn is right,โ Johnson wrote.
โOf course it still seems a bit nuts to talk of the encroachment of a mini ice age.
โBut it doesnโt seem as nuts as it did five years ago. I look at the snowy waste outside, and I have an open mind.โ17โItโs snowing, and it really feels like the start of a mini ice age,โ The Telegraph, January 20, 2013. Archived January 9, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/HdbkA
Key Quotes
December 2015
In a Telegraph column entitled โI canโt stand this December heat, but it has nothing to do with global warming: We may all be sweating in the winter air, but remember, we humans have always put ourselves at the centre of cosmic eventsโ Johnson wrote:18Boris Johnson. โI canโt stand this December heat, but it has nothing to do with global warming,โ The Telegraph, December 20, 2015. Archived January 9, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/eB5p3
โIt is fantastic news that the world has agreed to cut pollution and help people save money, but I am sure that those global leaders were driven by a primitive fear that the present ambient warm weather is somehow caused by humanity; and that fear โ as far as I understand the science โ is equally without foundation. There may be all kinds of reasons why I was sweating at ping-pong [in December] โ but they donโt include global warming.โ
January 2013
In a Telegraph opinion column entitled โItโs snowing, and it really feels like the start of a mini ice age. Something is up with our winter weather. Could it be the Sun is having a slow patch?โ he wrote the following:19โItโs snowing, and it really feels like the start of a mini ice age,โ The Telegraph, January 20, 2013. Archived January 9, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/HdbkA
โAs a species, we human beings have become so blind with conceit and self-love that we genuinely believe that the fate of the planet is in our hands โ when the reality is that everything, or almost everything, depends on the behaviour and caprice of the gigantic thermonuclear fireball around which we revolve.โ
โI am all for theories about climate change, and would not for a moment dispute the wisdom or good intentions of the vast majority of scientists. But I am also an empiricist; and I observe that something appears to be up with our winter weather, and to call it โwarmingโ is obviously to strain the language.โ
โI wish I knew more about what is going on, and why. It is time to consult once again the learned astrophysicist, Piers Corbyn. Now Piers has a very good record of forecasting the weather. He has been bang on about these cold winters. Like JMW Turner and the Aztecs he thinks we should be paying more attention to the Sun. According to Piers, global temperature depends not on concentrations of CO2 but on the mood of our celestial orb.โ
โOf course it still seems a bit nuts to talk of the encroachment of a mini ice age. But it doesnโt seem as nuts as it did five years ago. I look at the snowy waste outside, and I have an open mind.โ
Key Actions
April 15, 2023
Boris Johnson accused London mayor Sadiq Khan of misleading the public over the premise of Ultra Low Emissions Zones (ULEZ), a set of policies which prevent high-polluting vehicles from entering inner London, saying: โThis has nothing to do with improving air quality. Itโs all about Khanโs catastrophic mismanagement of TfL finances.โ20Sarah Knapton and Tony Driver. โSadiq Khanโs Ulez expansion has nothing to do with air pollution, claims Boris Johnson,โ April 15, 2023. Archived April 15, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/UvRlw
March 1, 2021
Speaking to The Sun, Johnson stated that his plans to decarbonise the economy by 2050 as part of a ‘Green Industrial Revolution’ would not include higher meat and carbon taxes for consumers, amid fears that carbon taxes on heavy industries and power generators would be extended to other carbon-intensive sectors of the economy.21Harry Cole, Natasha Clark. โMeat prices WONโT rise as Boris Johnson rules out tax hikes for Sun readers under his green agenda,โ The Sun, March 1, 2021. Archived March 2, 2021. Archive.vn URL: https://archive.vn/wB1Fp
February 14, 2021
Johnson told CBS Newsโ โFace the Nationโ programme that climate change, among other issues, was โincredibly encouragingโ for fostering Anglo-American relations in the aftermath of Joe Bidenโs election as US President.22Melissa Quinn. โBritish PM Boris Johnson welcomes โincredibly encouragingโ early moves from Biden,โ CBS News, February 14, 2021. Archived February 16, 2021. Archive.vn URL: https://archive.vn/kxHkQ
Johnson stated: โThere’s been some important developments in the way the U.K., U.S. thinking has been coming together in the last few weeks, and particularly on issues like climate change, on NATO, on Iran, but above all, on the ways that the U.S. and the U.K. are going to work together to deal with the environmental challenge that faces our planet.โ
January 21, 2021
Johnson described newly-elected President Joe Bidenโs decision to rejoin the Paris Climate Agreement as โhugely positive news,โ the Evening Standard reported.23Joe Murphy. โBoris Johnson puts climate at heart of drive for closer ties to Joe Biden,โ Evening Standard, January 21, 2021. Archived January 26, 2021. Archive.vn URL: https://archive.is/AgWQL
January 8, 2021
Johnson delivered a speech at the United Nations biodiversity summit in which he acknowledged the need for urgent action on climate change, stating that โthe natural life that so enriches our planet today is declining at a pace that is truly terrifying,โ and that endangered species needed โconcerted, co-ordinated, global action.โ24โPrime Minister’s speech at the UN High-Level summit on biodiversity: 30 September 2020,โ GOV.UK, September 30, 2020. Archived January 8, 2021. Archive.vn URL: https://archive.vn/XXWxz
November 17, 2020
Johnson released a โ10 point green planโ which he said would help the UK โmake stridesโ towards meeting its legally binding net zero emissions target. The government said the plan, which included a ban on the sale of diesel and petrol cars by 2030, ยฃ1 billion in funding to insulate homes and public buildings, and investment in nuclear and hydrogen energy, would help the UK to meet environmental goals while creating hundreds of thousands of jobs. However, opposition MPs and campaigners criticised the lack of spending for the plan and the inclusion of โspeculativeโ solutions.25Peter Walker and Jessica Elgot. โBoris Johnson announced 10-point green plan with 250,000,โ The Guardian, November 17, 2020. Archived November 18, 2020.
September 28, 2020
Johnson pledged to protect 30% of UK land, signing the Leadersโ Pledge for Nature, which included commitments to reduce deforestation and eliminate environmentally harmful subsidies. Johnson stated: โWe must act now, right now. We cannot afford to dither and delay because biodiversity loss is happening today and it is happening at a frightening rateโ, and โLeft unchecked, the consequences will be catastrophic for us all. Extinction is forever – so our action must be immediate.”26Kate Ng, Boris Johnson pledges to protect 30% of UK land as world leaders sign commitment to act on climate crisis, The Independent, September 28, 2020. Archived September 29, 2020. Archive URL: https://archive.vn/kEPjZ
June 22, 2019
Video footage emerged of former Donald Trump chief strategist and co-founder of the far-right Breitbart news website, Steve Bannon, revealing he had helped Boris Johnson write his resignation speech after stepping down as Foreign Secretary. Johnson had previously denied any association with Bannon as a โlefty delusionโ.27Carole Cadwalladr. โVideo reveals Steve Bannon links to Boris Johnson,โ The Guardian, June 22, 2019. Archived June 24, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.fo/Mk1QV
June 12, 2019
A report by openDemocracy revealed that First Corporate Shipping, co-owned by Terence Mordaunt, a director of the Global Warming Policy Forum, the advocacy arm of the climate science denial campaign group, the Global Warming Policy Foundation, had donated ยฃ25,000 to both Boris Johnson and Jeremy Hunt’s Conservative Party leadership campaigns.28Peter Geoghegan. โRevealed: Climate change denier makes big donations to Boris Johnson and Jeremy Hunt,โ openDemocracy, June 12, 2019. Archived June 12, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.fo/g96dO
May 29, 2019
Johnson was ordered to appear in court over claims he lied during the referendum campaign by saying the UK gave the EU ยฃ350m a week. The case is a private prosecution launched by campaigner Marcus Ball, who crowdfunded ยฃ200,000 for legal costs. A source close to Mr Johnson called the case a โpolitically motivated attempt to reverse Brexitโ while Ball’s lawyer said: โThe allegation with which this prosecution is concerned, put simply, is Mr Johnson repeatedly misrepresented the amount that the UK sends to Europe each week.โ29โBrexit: Boris Johnson ordered to appear in court over ยฃ350m claim,โ BBC News, May 29, 2019. Archived June 19, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/VOzIN
September 14, 2018
During a trip to the US, Johnson was the speaker at a black-tie dinner in Washington hosted by the conservative thinktank, the American Enterprise Institute (AEI). He used the opportunity to criticise Theresa May’s โChequersโ Brexit deal and said social mobility would be his top priority in power. Johnson’s team had their โaccommodation, travel and hospitalityโ paid for by the AEI, according to Parliament’s Register of Interests.30Joe Murphy. โBoris Johnson sets out his Tory leadership visionโฆ in America,โ Evening Standard, September 14, 2018. Archived April 23, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.fo/zoA14 31โRegister Of Interests Of Members’ Secretaries And Research Assistants [as at 22 March 2019],โ Parliament.uk. Archived April 23, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.fo/NZRbM
The AEI has a history of spreading doubt about climate change and opposing reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, and has received significant funding from the Koch family and ExxonMobil.
September 27, 2017
On September 27 inside the Foreign Office, Boris Johnson launched a new thinktank to push โthe moral case for open commerce.โ The Institute for Free Trade (IFT) โsees Britainโs withdrawal from the European Union as a unique opportunity to revitalise the world trading system,โ according to its website (IFT now operates under the name โInitiative for Free Tradeโ following a dispute over its name).32Mat Hope. โIntroducing the Institute for Free Trade: A New Pro-Brexit Thinktank tied to the UKโs Climate Science Denier Network,โ DeSmog, September 27, 2017. 33โAbout,โ Initiative for Free Trade. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/hXT8H 34Michael Savage. โBrexit thinktank in dispute over use of โinstituteโ in title,โ The Guardian, December 16, 2017. Archived January 9, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/mLLNh
The IFT is based at 57 Tufton Street, sharing an office with the anti-renewables thinktank the Centre for Policy Studies, and next door to many of the organisations DeSmog previously revealed to be at the heart of a UK climate science denial network in 55 Tufton Street.35Kyla Mandel. โIs A Climate Sceptic Behind The Latest Anti-Renewables Report?โ DeSmog, March 18, 2015. 36Kyla Mandel. โMapped: The UK’s Brexit Climate Denier Network,โ DeSmog, July 15, 2016.
Former Australian prime minister Tony Abbott, who gave the 2017 annual lecture at the climate science denying Global Warming Policy Foundation, is on the IFTโs โinternational advisory panel.โ The IFT’s president is climate science denying Tory MEP Daniel Hannan.37โAbout,โ Initiative for Free Trade. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/hXT8H
March 2015
Johnson launched a new โProsperity for Allโ project at the Legatum Institute lead by Tim Montgomerie, founder of Conservative Home. As Johnson was reported telling the audience: โIt is time to reclaim capitalism as a moral force.โ38โBoris Johnson Launches the Legatum Institute’s Prosperity for All Project,โ Legatum Institute, March 30, 2015. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/d4dHb
December 19, 2010
Johnson wrote an article at The Telegraph promoting the work of climate change denier Piers Corbyn, โmeteorologist and brother of my old chum, bearded leftie MP Jeremy.โ According to Johnson, Piers โseems to get it right about 85 per cent of the timeโ with regards to forecasts.39Boris Johnson. โThe man who repeatedly beats the Met Office at its own game,โ The Telegraph, December 19, 2010.
โI have not a clue whether his methods are sound or not. But when so many of his forecasts seem to come true, and when he seems to be so consistently ahead of the Met Office, I feel I want to know more. Piers Corbyn believes that the last three winters could be the harbinger of a mini ice age that could be upon us by 2035, and that it could start to be colder than at any time in the last 200 years. He goes on to speculate that a genuine ice age might then settle in, since an ice age is now cyclically overdue,โ Johnson wrote.
โThe question is whether anthropogenic global warming is the exclusive or dominant fact that determines our climate, or whether Corbyn is also right to insist on the role of the Sun. Is it possible that everything we do is dwarfed by the moods of the star that gives life to the world? The Sun is incomparably vaster and more powerful than any work of man.โ
2007โ2008
In the run up to Boris Johnson’s May 2008 election as London Mayor, prominent Tory and billionaire hedge fund manager Sir Michael Hintze, a financial backer of the climate science denial group the Global Warming Policy Foundation, donated the following to the politician: ยฃ2,000 in December 2007, ยฃ2,000 in February 2008, and ยฃ1,000 in March 2008.40โMr Boris Johnson MP (Great Britain), Cash (C0002375),โ The Electoral Commission, accessed January 9, 2018. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/blF3Z 41โMr Boris Johnson MP (Great Britain), Cash (C0002410),โ The Electoral Commission, accessed January 9, 2018. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/zDCoi 42โMr Boris Johnson MP (Great Britain), Cash (C0002430),โ The Electoral Commission, accessed January 9, 2018. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/a2WZD
Affiliations
- Initiative for Free Trade (formerly Institute for Free Trade) โ Launched in September 2017.43โBoris Johnson launches the Institute for Free Trade,โ IFT, January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/OnHTu 44โThe IFT Launch,โ IFT. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/W1I3o
- Vote Leave โ Campaign committee member (website no longer appears in operation). Listed as a member of the โcore groupโ which โ coordinate between campaign committee meetings and meet on a daily basis.โ45โAbout the campaign,โ VoteLeaveTakeControl.org. Archived June 28, 2016. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/e0PJe
- The Atlantic Bridge (now defunct) โ Former member, board of advisors.46Amber Elliott. โLiam Fox interview,โ Total Politics, October 20, 2011. Archived November 22, 2011. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/ViYQA
- The Telegraph โ Columnist.47โREGISTER OF MEMBERSโ FINANCIAL INTERESTSโ (PDF), Parliament.uk, July 11, 2016. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- American Enterprise Institute โ Speaker.48Joe Murphy. โBoris Johnson sets out his Tory leadership visionโฆ in America,โ Evening Standard, September 14, 2018. Archived April 23, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.fo/zoA14
Social Media
- @BorisJohnson on Twitter.
- borisjohnsonmp on Instagram.
Publications
Some sample publications related to Brexit below (view more articles at The Telegraph and The Spectator):
- โThe British people won’t be scared into backing a woeful Brexit deal nobody voted for,โ The Telegraph, Jan 6, 2019.
- โWe need to hold our nerve over Brexit – we can do so much better than this deal,โ The Telegraph, Dec 2, 2018.
- โThe Government’s can’t-do attitude to Brexit has got us into this mess – but there is a way out,โ The Telegraph, Nov 25, 2018.
- โBoris Johnson: My plan for a better Brexit,โ The Telegraph, Sep 27, 2018.
- โWe are heading for a car crash Brexit under Theresa May’s Chequers plan,โ The Telegraph, Sep 16, 2018.
- โWe have neglected Latin America’s realms of gold for too long. Brexit can change that,โ The Telegraph, May 27, 2018.
- โMy vision for a bold, thriving Britain enabled by Brexit,โ The Telegraph, Sep 15, 2017.
- โBrexit frees us to build a truly global Britain,โ The Telegraph, Jul 16, 2016.
- โTory candidates need a plan for Brexit – here’s mine in 5 points,โ The Telegraph, Jul 3, 2016.
Other Resources
- โBoris Johnson,โ Wikipedia.
- โBoris Johnson,โ LittleSis.
Resources
- 1โBoris Johnson Launches the Legatum Institute’s Prosperity for All Project,โ Legatum Institute, March 30, 2015. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/d4dHb
- 2Mat Hope, Richard Collett-White. โIs Boris Johnson’s Cabinet the Most Anti-Climate Action Ever?โ DeSmog, July 25, 2019.
- 3โBoris Johnson resigns as Foreign Secretary,โ BBC News, July 9, 2018. Archived August 12, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.fo/BpZZ4
- 4โThe Rt Hon Boris Johnson MP,โ Gov.uk. Archived January 9, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/DdtEf
- 5โAbout the campaign,โ VoteLeaveTakeControl.org. Archived June 28, 2016. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/e0PJe
- 6Matthew Weaver. โEx-chief scientist fears for UK climate plan if Boris Johnson is PM,โ The Guardian, June 18, 2019. Archived June 18, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/gRWjL
- 7Kirsty Major. โWhy are we so surprised that Boris Johnson lied when heโs been sacked for lying twice before?โ Independent, June 27, 2016. Archived January 9, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/9wy4v
- 8โCameron as leader of the Slightly Silly Party,โ The Telegraph, February 14, 2007. Archived January 9, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/KJxoa
- 9Elizabeth Day. โGeorge Osborne and the Bullingdon club: what the chancellor saw,โ The Guardian, October 1, 2011. Archived January 9, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/ViDiJ
- 10Amber Elliott. โLiam Fox interview,โ Total Politics, October 20, 2011. Archived November 22, 2011. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/ViYQA
- 11Boris Johnson. โWhilst we are all rightly focused on beating coronavirus, we cannot lose sight of the need to protect our people and our planet from the devastating threat of climate change and biodiversity loss if nothing is doneโฆโ Tweet by @BorisJohnson on June 5, 2020. Retrieved from Twitter.com. Archived on July 7, 2020. Archived .png on file at DeSmog.
- 12Boris Johnson. โWhilst we are all rightly focused on beating coronavirus, we cannot lose sight of the need to protect our people and our planet from the devastating threat of climate change and biodiversity loss if nothing is doneโฆโ Tweet by @BorisJohnson on June 5, 2020. Retrieved from Twitter.com. Archived on July 7, 2020. Archived .png on file at DeSmog.
- 13Elisabeth O’Leary, Reuters. โBoris Johnson ‘continues to lobby’ US on climate change, Trump’s decision on Paris agreement looms,โ Business Insider, June 1, 2017. Archived January 9, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/BkxEm
- 14Boris Johnson. โI canโt stand this December heat, but it has nothing to do with global warming,โ The Telegraph, December 20, 2015. Archived January 9, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/eB5p3
- 15โItโs snowing, and it really feels like the start of a mini ice age,โ The Telegraph, January 20, 2013. Archived January 9, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/HdbkA
- 16โItโs snowing, and it really feels like the start of a mini ice age,โ The Telegraph, January 20, 2013. Archived January 9, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/HdbkA
- 17โItโs snowing, and it really feels like the start of a mini ice age,โ The Telegraph, January 20, 2013. Archived January 9, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/HdbkA
- 18Boris Johnson. โI canโt stand this December heat, but it has nothing to do with global warming,โ The Telegraph, December 20, 2015. Archived January 9, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/eB5p3
- 19โItโs snowing, and it really feels like the start of a mini ice age,โ The Telegraph, January 20, 2013. Archived January 9, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/HdbkA
- 20Sarah Knapton and Tony Driver. โSadiq Khanโs Ulez expansion has nothing to do with air pollution, claims Boris Johnson,โ April 15, 2023. Archived April 15, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/UvRlw
- 21Harry Cole, Natasha Clark. โMeat prices WONโT rise as Boris Johnson rules out tax hikes for Sun readers under his green agenda,โ The Sun, March 1, 2021. Archived March 2, 2021. Archive.vn URL: https://archive.vn/wB1Fp
- 22Melissa Quinn. โBritish PM Boris Johnson welcomes โincredibly encouragingโ early moves from Biden,โ CBS News, February 14, 2021. Archived February 16, 2021. Archive.vn URL: https://archive.vn/kxHkQ
- 23Joe Murphy. โBoris Johnson puts climate at heart of drive for closer ties to Joe Biden,โ Evening Standard, January 21, 2021. Archived January 26, 2021. Archive.vn URL: https://archive.is/AgWQL
- 24โPrime Minister’s speech at the UN High-Level summit on biodiversity: 30 September 2020,โ GOV.UK, September 30, 2020. Archived January 8, 2021. Archive.vn URL: https://archive.vn/XXWxz
- 25Peter Walker and Jessica Elgot. โBoris Johnson announced 10-point green plan with 250,000,โ The Guardian, November 17, 2020. Archived November 18, 2020.
- 26Kate Ng, Boris Johnson pledges to protect 30% of UK land as world leaders sign commitment to act on climate crisis, The Independent, September 28, 2020. Archived September 29, 2020. Archive URL: https://archive.vn/kEPjZ
- 27Carole Cadwalladr. โVideo reveals Steve Bannon links to Boris Johnson,โ The Guardian, June 22, 2019. Archived June 24, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.fo/Mk1QV
- 28Peter Geoghegan. โRevealed: Climate change denier makes big donations to Boris Johnson and Jeremy Hunt,โ openDemocracy, June 12, 2019. Archived June 12, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.fo/g96dO
- 29โBrexit: Boris Johnson ordered to appear in court over ยฃ350m claim,โ BBC News, May 29, 2019. Archived June 19, 2019. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/VOzIN
- 30Joe Murphy. โBoris Johnson sets out his Tory leadership visionโฆ in America,โ Evening Standard, September 14, 2018. Archived April 23, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.fo/zoA14
- 31โRegister Of Interests Of Members’ Secretaries And Research Assistants [as at 22 March 2019],โ Parliament.uk. Archived April 23, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.fo/NZRbM
- 32Mat Hope. โIntroducing the Institute for Free Trade: A New Pro-Brexit Thinktank tied to the UKโs Climate Science Denier Network,โ DeSmog, September 27, 2017.
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