Gregory Conko

Gregory Conko

Credentials

  • J.D. Antonin Scalia Law School, George Mason University (2008)1โ€œGregory Conko,โ€ LinkedIn. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
  • B.A. Political Science and History, American University (1992)2โ€œGregory Conko,โ€ LinkedIn. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.

Image credit: MasonLEC / Vimeo

Background

Gregory Conko is a former senior fellow3โ€œGregory Conko Senior Fellow,โ€ Competitive Enterprise Institute. Archived September 24, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/PftXC at and former executive director of the Competitive Enterprise Institute (CEI).4โ€œGregory Conko,โ€ LinkedIn. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.

Conko has been affiliated with CEI since 1994, according to his LinkedIn profile. He was a policy analyst and the director of food and drug policy at CEI from 1994 to 2003, a senior fellow from 2003 to 2016, and executive director from 2012 to 2016. His last senior fellowship ran from 2019 to 2021. Most recently he was listed as the vice president of programs at DonorsTrust.5โ€œGregory Conko,โ€ LinkedIn. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.

According to his CEI profile, Conkoโ€™s research currently โ€œfocuses on health care, food and drug regulation, agriculture and agricultural trade. He also has broad expertise in science and environmental policy and in administrative and regulatory law.โ€6โ€œGregory Conko Senior Fellow,โ€ Competitive Enterprise Institute. Archived September 24, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/PftXC

The Competitive Enterprise Institute (CEI) is a non-profit public policy organization that describes itself as being โ€œdedicated to advancing the principles of limited government, free enterprise, and individual liberty.โ€7โ€œAbout,โ€ Competitive Enterprise Institute. Archived September 24, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/5V38I CEI has received significant funding from the fossil fuel industry, including over $1.7 million from ExxonMobil and more than $600,000 from Koch-related foundations.

According to his LinkedIn profile, from 2016 to 2019, Gregory Conko was the deputy director of the George Mason University Law and Economics Center.8โ€œGregory Conko,โ€ LinkedIn. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog. The Center’s nonprofit arm, the George Mason University Foundation, has received more than $46.5 million from the Koch Family Foundations.

Gregory Conko was a research associate with the Capital Research Center (CRC) from 1992 to 1993. 9โ€œGregory Conko,โ€ LinkedIn. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog. While at CRC, Conko co-authored a book titled “Patterns of Corporate Philanthropy: Executive Hypocrisy,” about โ€œa worsening trend in corporate public affairs giving, which favor liberal over free-market public policy groups by a margin of over three-to-one.10โ€Capitol Research Center. โ€œAlternatives in Philanthropy, July 1994,โ€ Truth Tobacco Industry Documents Archive at the University of California, San Francisco LibraryArchived September 24, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/RayIh

Conko is a member of the American Council on Science and Health (ACSH)‘s Board of Scientific and Policy Advisors.11“Our Team,” American Council on Science and Health. Archived May 17, 2017. Archive URL: https://archive.fo/FFHHY Consumer advocate Ralph Nader once described ACSH as โ€œa consumer front organization for its business backers. It has seized the language and style of the existing consumer organizations, but its real purpose, you might say, is to glove the hand that feeds it.โ€

In 2013, Mother Jones released leaked documents showing that โ€œACSH depends heavily on funding from corporations that have a financial stake in the scientific debates it aims to shape,โ€ including major corporations and the tobacco industry.12Andy Kroll, Jeremy Schulman. โ€œLeaked Documents Reveal the Secret Finances of a Pro-Industry Science Group,โ€ Mother Jones, October 28, 2013. Archived September 24, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/TPzph

Conko and Tobacco

According to his SourceWatch profile, in August 1998 Gregory Conko wrote a letter to the editor of The Washington Post, complaining that government regulations were preventing the tobacco industry from advertising what he termed “safer” cigarettes:13โ€œGregory Conko,โ€ SourceWatchArchived September 24, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/QKLLx

โ€œโ€ฆ the free market may well have produced better information and safer cigarettes, but the market was not free. It was, and continues to be, a captive of government regulators and political activists who believe that consumers are unable to evaluate advertisement claims with a health dose of skepticism. We should remember that the next time someone suggest a ban on truthful information in advertising.โ€

Stance on Climate Change

May 31, 2019

During a Congressional Civil Justice Academy briefing about climate lawsuits against fossil fuel companies, Gregory Conko said:14โ€œClimate Change in the Courts: A Perfect Storm of Litigation,โ€ Vimeo video uploaded by MasonLEC on May 31, 2019. Archived .mp4 on file at DeSmog.

โ€œThere remains a very acrimonious debate over the extent and nature of potential harms from climate change and over what, if anything, our government should do about it.โ€

Stance on Biotechnology in Agriculture

Gregory Conko has long advocated for the use of genetically-modified organisms (GMO) in agriculture. In 2000, Conko co-founded a group named AgBioWorld Foundation, which โ€œaims to provide science-based information on agricultural biotechnology issues to various stakeholders across the world.โ€15โ€œAbout AgBioWorld,โ€ AgBioWorldArchived September 24, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/9tuzG

According to his AgBioWorld Foundation biography, Gregory Conko โ€œfrequently participates in international meetings on food safety and trade as a credentialed Non-Governmental Organization representative.โ€16โ€œGreg Conko Biography,โ€ AgBioWorldArchived September 24, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/L3XZl

Powerbase, an online encyclopedia created by Public Interest Investigations, has described Gregory Conko and AgBioWorldโ€™s other co-founder, Dr. Channapatna S. Prakash, as โ€œtwo of the most vociferous proponents of biotech in the US.โ€17โ€œCompetitive Enterprise Institute,โ€ PowerbaseArchived September 24, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/pfTxI

Conko was a principal investigator for a 2002 report on biotechnology for the California Council on Science and Technology, and in 2006 was added to a โ€œWhoโ€™s Who in Biotechnologyโ€ short list by the journal Nature Biotechnology..18โ€œGregory Conko,โ€ CrunchbaseArchived September 24, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/ATpV4

Collaboration with Henry I. Miller

Gregory Conko has worked extensively with Henry I. Miller on many agricultural biotech-related publications. The two have co-authored op-eds and policy analyses for conservative publications, and co-authored scientific papers.19โ€œGregory Conko,โ€ Research Gate. Archived September 24, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/wfNyd

Henry I. Miller, M.D., is a senior fellow at the Pacific Research Institute of The Federalist Society.20Henry I. Miller,” The Federalist Society.” Archived June 29, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/wip/TddEe Miller was a longtime Robert Wesson Fellow in Scientific Philosophy and Public Policy at the Hoover Institution, where “his research focused on public policy toward science and technology, encompassing a number of areas, including pharmaceutical development, genetic engineering in agriculture, models for regulatory reform, and the emergence of new viral diseases.”21Henry I. Miller,” Hoover Institution. Archived June 29, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/wip/i0Nkj

During the Clinton, Reagan, and first Bush administrations, Miller held various positions at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), such as founding director of the FDA Office of Biotechnology (1989-1994), and Special Assistant to the FDA Commissioner (1984-1989). According to his profile at SourceWatch, “Miller serves on the scientific advisory board of the George C. Marshall Institute, an oil-industry funded organization that Newsweek has called ‘a central cog in the denial machine.'”22โ€œHenry I. Miller,โ€ SourceWatchArchived September 24, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/XFIUB,

According to the watchdog group U.S. Right to Know, Henry I. Miller has a โ€œlong history of arguing against public health protections and taking positions outside of the scientific mainstream.โ€23Gary Ruskin. โ€œHenry Miller dropped by Forbes for Monsanto ghostwriting scandal,โ€ U.S. Right to Know, August 30, 2017. Archived September 24, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/IahxP

Key Quotes

May 31, 2019

During a Congressional Civil Justice Academy briefing about climate lawsuits against fossil fuel companies, Gregory Conko said:24โ€œClimate Change in the Courts: A Perfect Storm of Litigation,โ€ Vimeo video uploaded by MasonLEC on May 31, 2019. Archived .mp4 on file at DeSmog.

โ€œThere remains a very acrimonious debate over the extent and nature of potential harms from climate change and over what, if anything, our government should do about it.โ€

February 1, 2011

Writing for the public policy think tank Hoover Institution, Gregory Conko and Henry I. Miller wrote of environmentalists:25Gregory Conko, Henry I. Miller. โ€œThe Rush to Condemn Genetically Modified Crops,โ€ Hoover Institution, February 1, 2011. Archived September 24, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/RsWeM

โ€œWhen they [environmentalists] canโ€™t sway public opinion with outright misrepresentations or induce regulators to reject products, activists have resorted to vandalism of field trials and, finally, to harassment with nuisance lawsuits.โ€26Gregory Conko, Henry I. Miller. โ€œThe Rush to Condemn Genetically Modified Crops,โ€ Hoover Institution, February 1, 2011. Archived September 24, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/RsWeM

February 6, 2005

On anti-GM NGOโ€™s, Gregory Conko and Henry I. Miller wrote:27Henry I. Miller, Gregory Conko. โ€œNGO war on biotechnology,โ€ Journal of Commercial Biotechnology/Springer, February 6, 2005. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.

โ€œSome of these groups pose as open-minded sceptics, rather than antagonists, but beneath the rhetoric, their arguments and actions lead us to much the same place: attempts to create a groundswell of anxiety toward biotechnology, and to elicit unnecessary, hugely burdensome government regulation that will make product testing and commercialisation increasingly untenable.โ€

Key Deeds

August 28, 2014

Gregory Conko appeared in episode 1, titled โ€œWhy Havenโ€™t We All Starved to Death,โ€ of a Pacific Research Institute (PRI) four-part web series called Hysteriaโ€™s History. The series was aimed at โ€œexposing young people to the historical progression of environmental alarmism that has often resulted in poor and contradictory policy proposals.โ€28โ€œHysteriaโ€™s History Episode 1,โ€ YouTube video uploaded by user Pacific Research Institute โ€“ PRI, August 28, 2014. Archived .mp4 on file at DeSmog. 29โ€œHysteriaโ€™s History Part 1,โ€ Pacific Research Institute, September 10, 2014. Archived September 24, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/ezocU

In the clip, Conko referred to late American agronomist Norman Borlaug, widely considered the father of the Green Revolution30Christopher Dowswell. “Norman Ernest Borlaug (1914-2009),” Science, October 16, 2009 , as the man who โ€œshowed developing countries how to use modern agricultural techniques to increase crop yields.โ€ 31โ€œHysteriaโ€™s History Episode 1,โ€ YouTube video uploaded by user Pacific Research Institute โ€“ PRI on August 28, 2014. Archived .mp4 on file at DeSmog. Critics have argued that โ€œthe long-term profits of [Borlaug’s] work have been reaped mainly by large companies at the expense of small farmers.โ€32John Vidal. โ€œNormal Borlaug: humanitarian hero or menace to society?โ€ Guardian, April 1, 2014. Archived September 24, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/jEdsK

2013

The American Council on Science and Health (ACSH) published a report co-authored by Martina Newell-McGloughlin, Bruce Chassy, and Gregory Conko, titled “Food And You: A Guide To Modern Agricultural Biotechnology.” ACSH described the book as follows:33Food And You: A Guide To Modern Agricultural Biotechnology,” Scribd. Archived June 29, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.fo/wip/1dZsv

“New and innovative techniques will be required to improve the production and efficiency of the global agriculture sector to ensure an ample supply of healthy food. This challenge is confounded by the inequity between the affluent and developing countries that is likely to widen. It appears that only a handful of technologies are affordable by the least developed countries and are sufficiently scale neutral to be accessible to poorer countries. In this book the American Council on Science and Health explores the benefits of, and barriers to, biotechnology – one such technology that offers efficient and cost-effective means to produce a diverse array of novel, value-added traits and products.”

July 11, 2011

In an article for the Cato Institute quarterly Regulation, “The USDA’s Anti-Science Activism,” Henry I. Miller and Gregory Conko accused Obama administration Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsak of ignoring scientific evidence and pandering to the organic food lobby when he announced that the agency “might forbid farmers to plant” a genetically-modified variety of alfalfa in some areas, because it risked cross-pollenating organic crops.34Henry I. Miller and Gregory Conko. “The USDA’s Anti-Science Activism,” Regulation, Summer 2011. Archived June 29, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.fo/wip/wNRLX

February 1, 2011

In an article for the Hoover Institution, Gregory Conko and Henry I. Miller criticized resistance to federal approval for the glyphosate-based pesticide Roundup, which has since been linked to cancer. along with crops genetically modified to be resistant to glyphosate. Conko and Miller wrote:35Gregory Conko, Henry I. Miller. โ€œThe Rush to Condemn Genetically Modified Crops,โ€ Hoover Institution, February 1, 2011. Archived September 24, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/RsWeM

“But anti-biotechnology activists never permit facts or the judgments of experts to get in the way of their antagonism, so a coalition of environmental groups organized by the radical Center for Food Safety joined with a handful of organic farmers to sue in federal court to halt the planting of alfalfa, sugar beets, and turf grass modified for resistance to the herbicide glyphosate (better known by its trade name, Roundup). The plaintiffs were unable to make any substantive arguments that these crops were unsafe but instead claimed that Aphisโ€™s environmental assessment was legally โ€” that is, procedurally โ€” insufficient. They argued that a comprehensive environmental impact statement should have been prepared instead.

“What were the supposedly significant environmental impacts that Aphis allegedly failed to account for in its environmental analysis? The plaintiffs made two claims: First, that the widespread adoption of gene-spliced, herbicide-resistant crops could accelerate the development of herbicide-resistant weeds and force farmers to switch to other, less safe herbicides. Second, they claimed that cross-pollination by gene-spliced crops could jeopardize the certification for nearby organic crops (because organic farming prohibits the use of gene-spliced plants).

“These are hardly the kinds of ecological impacts that Congress had in mind when it enacted [the National Environmental Policy Act] but the scope of that law has been expanded beyond all recognition by judges who interpret the term ‘human environment’ to include effects that are largely economic or social.”

Summer 2003

The Cato Institute’s quarterly publication Regulation, published an article by Henry I. Miller and Gregory Conko, “Bootleggers and Biotechs” in its Summer 2003 issue. Article summary:36Bootleggers and Biotechs,WorldCat. Retrieved June 29, 2023

“Opponents of biotechnology often complain that the large biotech firms have vigorously fought efforts to regulate the industry. In fact, the large firms – Monsanto (now Pfizer), Ciba-Geigy (now Syngenta), DuPont, Pioneer, Dow, Bayer, BASF, et al. – have been anything but consistent opponents of regulation. They have encouraged government intervention in the market both to provide a government seal of approval on their products and – more ominously – to diminish competition with highly innovative small – and mid-sized companies and academic researchers”

Spring 2003

The Cato Institute’s quarterly publication Regulation published an article by Gregory Conko titled “The Benefits of Biotech” in its Spring 2003 issue. Article summary: 37The Benefits of Biotech,” WorldCat. Retrieved June 29, 2023

“As the world’s population grows, environmental stewardship will require science to find ways to produce more food on less land. The rapidly expanding use of bio-engineered corn, cotton, and soybean varieties has increased yields, reduced the use of agricultural chemicals, and saved growers time, resources, and money. The increased productivity allows farmers to grow substantially more food and fiber on less land. However, numerous attempts have been made in recent years to increase the regulatory burden borne by the products of biotechnology – through both agency rulemaking and congressional legislation. All of those attempts have two things in common: They require regulators to consider only the risks of bio-engineered crops and not their benefits, and they hold gene-splicing to a standard of safety that could not possibly be met by non-biotech products and practices. Heightened regulation of certain high-risk plant varieties may indeed be warranted. But when biotechnology is evaluated on a level playing field, farmers, consumers, and regulators will find that it outshines its competitors.”

September 16, 2002

In a since-deleted article for Spiked, Gregory Conko and Channapatna Prakash argued that genetically modified crops would be beneficial for UK farming:38Gregory Conko, Channapatna S. Prakash. โ€œThe future of GM,โ€ Spiked, September 16, 2002. Archived May 23, 2007. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/V4rBG

โ€œโ€ฆfears about the GM farm-scale evaluations are wholly misplaced. Moreover, if the field trials are given an opportunity to progress unmolested, Britons will find that they show GM crops to have very real environmental benefits, not just hypothetical risks.โ€

They concluded that GM could offer โ€œtremendous benefits for the environment, for farmers, and for consumers โ€“ but only if we give it a chance to prove itself.โ€39Gregory Conko, Channapatna S. Prakash. โ€œThe future of GM,โ€ Spiked, September 16, 2002. Archived May 23, 2007. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/V4rBG

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