Edelman
Background
Edelman is the largest public relations and marketing company in the world by revenues. In 2021, the company had $1 billion in fee income and more than 6,000 employees.1โOโD 2022 Directory of Public Relations Firms,โ OโDwyers, July 15, 2021. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog. It was also the top firm in 2020, with around $800,000,000 in fee income and more than 5,000 full-time employees.2โOโD 2021 Directory of Public Relations Firms,โ OโDwyerโs, July 15, 2021. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
The Climate Investigations Center has described Edelman as โthe dominant PR firm for trade associations that promote an anti-environmental agenda,โ with clients such as the National Association of Manufacturers (NAM), National Mining Association (NMA), and the American Fuel and Petrochemical Manufacturers (AFPM), the American Petroleum Institute (API), and the Edison Electric Institute (EEI).3โEdelman PR,โ Climate Investigations Center. Accessed February 2023.
The company was founded by Daniel J. Edelman in Chicago in 1952, originally under the name Daniel J. Edelman and Associates.4โA Storied History,โ Edelman. Archived February 9, 2022. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/CGJqx Its early clients included Roche, Nestle, Dow Chemical, S.C. Johnson, and Mobil. By 1975 Edelmanโs client list included more than 100 organizations.5Franz Wisner. โEdelman and The Rise of Public Relationsโ (PDF), Daniel J. Edelman, Inc., 2012. Retrieved from Scribd. 6Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
Edelman presently has more than 60 offices around the world.7โGlobal Network,โ Edelman. Archived February 9, 2022. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/aAo30
Edelman & the American Petroleum Institute
In 2005, the American Petroleum Institute (API) hired Edelman for what would go on to be a decade of โadvertising and PR efforts to build public support for such initiatives as the Keystone XL pipeline; tax deductions for the oil industry; and, expanded access for drilling on public lands,โ according to the trade publication PRovoke Media.8Arun Sudhaman. โEdelmanโs American Petroleum Institute Assignment Ends,โ PRovoke Media, February 13, 2015. Archived June 9, 2020. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/XLDz4
In 2009, API led a coalition called โEnergy Citizens.โ9Ian Talley, โLobby Groups to Use Town Hall Tactics to Oppose Climate Bill,โ Wall Street Journal โWashington Wireโ blog, August 11, 2009. Energy Citizens was created to block Senate passage of the American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009, after the House of Representatives passed it in June.10โLetter from Greenpeace US Executive Director Phil Radford to Jack Gerard, president and CEO of the American Petroleum Institute, dated August 12, 2009.โ Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog. Also known as the Waxman-Markey bill (for its co-sponsors Rep. Henry Waxman (D-CA) and Sen. Ed Markey (D-MA)), the legislation would have established a carbon cap-and-trade system in the U.S., and set targets for reducing carbon emissions by 83 percent of 2005 levels by 2050, as well as a number of energy-efficiency standards.
In a 2023 Guardian article, a former Edelman employee was quoted as saying that โEdelman helped launchโ Energy Citizens for API.11Adam Lowerstein. โThe worldโs biggest PR firm claims to be an expert on trust โ but is it?โ The Guardian, January 15, 2023.
At the time API funded creation of Energy Citizens, Edelman was its leading PR contractor. In a 2014 campaign proposal for TransCanada, Edelman noted โ next to an image of the Energy Citizens logo โ that API had used โdigital grassroots toolsโ since 2007 to โorganize and mobilize industry employees.โ12โGrassroots Advocacy Vision Document,โ Edelman, May 15, 2014. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
The โVote 4 Energyโ Campaign
Ahead of the 2012 U.S. elections, Blue Advertising, an Edelman subsidiary, created the โVote 4 Energyโ campaign under the branding of Energy Citizens.13โAmerican Petroleum Institute: Vote 4 Energy campaign,โ Blue Advertising. Archived May 2, 2020. Archive URL: https://archive.li/wSduX
In December 2011, Blue Advertising began producing Vote 4 Energy ads. They were set to air on CNN, alongside full-page ads in the Washington Post, in January 2012.14Kert Davies. โUpcoming American Petroleum Institute โVote 4 Energyโ TV campaign disrupted by undercover activists,โ Greenpeace, December 20, 2011. Archived June 6, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/vrPrJ
A Greenpeace activist attended and surreptitiously recorded a casting call for volunteers to appear in the ads, and then shared the recordings with Yahoo! News. The recordings revealed that rather than expressing support for fossil fuels in their own words, as claimed by the campaign, the volunteers were being fed lines by a director.15Zachary Roth. โOil industry lobbyists punked by environmental activists,โ Yahoo! News. December 20, 2011. Archived August 18, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.li/aM0Ch Greenpeace then created a spoof video of the campaign, and released it on the day the TV ads started to air.16Connor Gibson, โFour Years After Greenpeace Sting: PR Firm Dumps Oil Lobbyists,โ DeSmog, February 20, 2015. 17James Gerken. โโI Vote 4 Energyโ Video Spoofs American Petroleum Institute Ad Campaign (VIDEO),โ Huffpost, January 5, 2012.
Greenpeace also crashed a January 4, 2012 event at which API CEO Jack Gerard announced the Vote 4 Energy campaign and described it as a โconversation with the American people.โ18Philip Radford. โTrimming astroturf from the American Petroleum Instituteโs Vote 4 Energy ad,โ Grist, January 10, 2012. Archived December 1, 2020. Archive URL: https://archive.li/WjbCD Greenpeace activists rolled out an astroturf carpet for attendees entering the event.19โFlickr photo album: API Astroturf,โ Greenpeace USA, January 4, 2012. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
As part of the Vote 4 Energy campaign, Edelman assisted API in organizing a speech and panel discussion aimed at โkey influencersโ in government, think tanks, and the media.20Erin Quinn And Chris Young. โD.C. Influencers Spend More on Advertising and PR Than Lobbying,โ TIME, January 15, 2015. Archived March 3, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.li/6Y408
Blue Advertising won a number of trade industry awards for the Vote 4 Energy campaign, also known by its tagline โIโm One.โ One print ad with the stated โWho are the 9.2 Americans whose jobs are supported by the oil and natural gas industry? Iโm One.21โBlue Advertising. โAmerican Petroleum Instituteโ, Blue Advertising, c. 2012. Archived May 27, 2016. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog. These awards included a Silver SABRE Award in a regional TV and cable markets category,22โHolmes Group Announces Silver SABRE Winners,โ PRovoke Media, March 25, 2012. Archived September 26, 2020. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/0rGUD a 2012 Telly award for the โAPI Lady-in-Black Literacy TV Campaign,โ23โAwards nominated and won by Blue,โ The Telly Awards, 2012. Archived August 18, 2023. and a 2012 Communicator Award in the โIntegrated Campaign โ Politicalโ category.24โ2012 Award of Excellence: API โIโm Oneโ Campaign,โ The Communicator Awards. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
Edelman & Masdar
From 2007 to 2009, Masdar, also known as Abu Dhabi Future Energy Company, a renewable energy initiative of the United Arab Emirates, contracted Edelman25โOMB No. 1124-0002, Supplemental Statement Pursuant to Section 2 of the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended, For Six Month Period Ending March 31, 2009, Registrant Daniel J. Edelman, Inc., Registration No. 3657, received May 7, 2009, p. 134,โ (PDF), U.S. Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Act. Retrieved from USDOJ FARA efile. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog. to promote the UAEโs investments in renewable energy, and position the UAE as a clean energy pioneer.26โOMB No. 1124-0002, Supplemental Statement Pursuant to Section 2 of the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended, For Six Month Period Ending September 30, 2009, received October 30, 2009 p. 3,โ (PDF), U.S. Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Act. Retrieved from USDOJ FARA efile. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
Sultan Ahmend Al Jaber had been named Masdarโs CEO in 2006.27(Press Release). โHE Dr Sultan Ahmed Al Jaber UAE Minister of Industry and Advanced Technology, COP28 President-Designate, and Chairman of Masdar,โ c. March 2023. Archived April 27, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/c8Hpy
During this engagement, as DeSmog has reported, Edelman worked to raise Al Jaberโs profile as a renewable energy leader. In 2007, Edelman began writing speeches for Al Jaber about the importance of renewable energy. Over the course of 2008, Edelmanโs team arranged several meetings between Al Jaber and U.S. politicians, including President George W. Bush, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, Reps. Ed Markey (D-MA) and Greg Walden (D-OR), and Sen. Max Baucus (D-MT); and secured an invitation for Al Jaber to testify before the House Select Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming that June.28Cartie Werthman. โAmerican PR Firm Edelman Enabled Oil Baron Al Jaberโs Ascention to Lead COP28 Climate Conference,โ DeSmog, September 13, 2023.
As part of this Masdar engagement, Edelman developed and executed a campaign to bring the headquarters of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) to Masdar City, an urban development near the Abu Dhabi airport. The campaign was ultimately successful.29โOMB No. 1124-0002, Supplemental Statement Pursuant to Section 2 of the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended, For Six Month Period Ending September 30, 2009, received October 30, 2009. p. 3,โ (PDF), U.S. Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Act. Retrieved from USDOJ FARA efile. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
Initially touted as a โzero carbon city,โ as of May 2023 Masdar Cityโs plans for a sustainable city have been significantly reduced. It is expected to be finished in 2030, 15 years later than scheduled.30Patricia Peiro. โUn paseo por la desรฉrtica Masdar, la ciudad que estaba llamada a ser la primera con emisiones cero,โ El Paรญs, February 23, 2020. Archived November 18, 2022. Archive URL: https://archive.is/Hbfeg
Gรถkรงe Gรผnel, a Rice University anthropology professor who has written a book about Masdar City, has noted that one of the cityโs shortcomings was its focus on marketing itself, rather than on securing financing.31Ellen Grover. โWe Were Promised Smart Cities. What Happened?โ Built In, November 15, 2022. Archived November 3, 2022. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/Or3mn
Edelman & Masdar: COP28 Public Relations
In January 2023, Masdar engaged Edelman to provide public relations services ahead of and during COP28, the United Nations climate summit beginning on November 30, 2023 in the UAE.32โOMB No. 1124-004; Expires July 31, 2023, Exhibits A and B to Registration Statement Pursuant to the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended, Registrant Daniel J. Edelman, Inc., Registration No. 3634, received January 17, 2023,โ (PDF), U.S. Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Act. Retrieved from USDOJ FARA efile. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog. As part of this contract, Edelman ran the โCOP28 UAEโ Facebook and LinkedIn accounts, the โcop28uaeofficialโ Instagram account, and the โ@COP28_UAEโ Twitter account; 33โAbu Dhabi Future Energy Company Pjsc โ Masdar Social Media Posts Thru 1/31/2023, Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit March 2, 2023,โ (PDF), U.S. Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Act. Retrieved from USDOJ FARA efile. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog. did outreach to U.S. media regarding Masdarโs role in COP28; and helped draft speeches.โ34OMB No. 1124-00002; Expires July 31, 2023, Supplemental Statement Pursuant to the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended, Registrant Daniel J. Edelman, Inc., Registration No. 3634, received March 2, 2023,โ (PDF), U.S. Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Act. Retrieved from USDOJ FARA efile. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
This contract ended prematurely in April 2023.35Corbin Hiar and Zack Colman. โAn oil state hired the biggest PR firms to buff its climate image. It didnโt help,โ POLITICO, June 7, 2023. Archived June 7, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.fo/5W3eT
Edelman & Tobacco
The Tobacco Tactics project at the University of Bath has profiled Edelmanโs involvement with the tobacco industry from the 1970s into the 1990s.36โEdelman,โ Tobacco Tactics, February 4, 2020. Archived February 13, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/kfiPk
There are more than 11,000 results for a text search of โEdelmanโ in the Truth Tobacco Industry Documents archive at the University of California, San Francisco library.
One 1993 communications plan drawn up by Edelman for the Tobacco Advisory Council (TAC) outlined a strategy for โCommunicating the Case for Tobaccoโ:37โCommunicating the Case for Tobacco: Review and Forward Planning for TAC,โ Edelman Public Relations Worldwide, March 27, 1993. Retrieved from UCSF Truth Tobacco Industry Documents Library Bates No. 304043541-304043562.
โThe message that the smoker needs to hear is that smoking is a normal and rational activity. We must seek to replace the image of smokers as an embattled minority on the defensive by the recognition that smokers are a significant body of people who choose to smoke and whose wishes should therefore be taken into account.โ (Emphasis in original).
View some key documents referenced by Tobacco Tactics below:
The Tobacco Alliance
One of Edelmanโs key activities fwas running the day-to-day operations of the Tobacco Alliance in the U.K., as part of a contract with the Tobacco Manufacturersโ Association. A summary by the Tobacco Advisory Council (TAC) in a 1983 workshop outlined Edelmanโs involvement:38โHow to set up a Tobacco Alliance,โ Tobacco Alliance, September 20, 1983. Retrieved from UCSF Truth Tobacco Industry Documents Library Bates No. 2501021530-2501021532.
โEarly on we decided that it would be preferable to keep the Alliance at arms length from TAC and the industry and with its own identity and address, to emphasize to supporters, as far as is practical, that it had a degree of independence. thus while the industry determines policy and provides the funds, the day to day management is the responsibility of our P.R. agents Daniel J. Edelman.โ
That document outlined โprecise objectivesโ of the Alliance:
โTo inform and draw together all those who depend on tobacco products for their livelihood.
โTo help put forward the case for individual freedom to counter any moves that might further restrict the right of individuals to enjoy smoking.
โTo help put the record straight by providing facts and figures, devoid of emotional comment, to Alliance supporters.โ
In January 1983, Edelman prepared a storyboard for the Tobacco Alliance that opposed tax increases on cigarettes and framed arguments by the โanti-smoking movementโ as a threat to freedom.39โTobacco Alliance Audio-Visual,โ Daniel J Edelman Limited. Retrieved from UCSF Truth Tobacco Industry Documents Library Bates No. 303706484-303706506.
โFreedom is based on the right to choose โ and that includes whether or not to smoke. To have such rights eroded is to hasten the day when all our freedoms are threatened,โ one slide suggested. โThe anti-smokers also seem blind to the serious consequences for jobs if their movement succeeds,โ another slide added.
The contract was taken over by a different PR firm on January 15, 2001.40โTobacco Alliance Account,โ Tobacco Manufacturersโ Association, December 19, 2001. Retrieved from UCSF Truth Tobacco Industry Documents Library Bates No. 325133651.
Second Hand Smoke
In the late 1980s, Edelman helped produce a booklet that claimed environmental tobacco smoke (secondhand smoke) was not a proven health hazard.41โSmoking at Work,โ Daniel J Edelman Incorporated. 1987. Retrieved from UCSF Truth Tobacco Industry Documents Library Bates No. 500889783-500889789.
โThere is no scientific consensus that tobacco smoke in the air (environmental tobacco smoke or ETS for short) is harmful to health,โ the document claimed. โIn the workplace, where smoking prevalence is likely to mirror that of the population as a whole, anti-smokers are presenting smoking as a minority practice, allegedly hazardous to non-smokers. Anti-smokers hold that the solutions to non-smokersโ exposure to ETS are bans on smoking, restrictions or segregation. This is not so; the issue is not clear-cut and there are insufficient scientific data to justify restrictive measures.โ
It concluded: โEnvironmental tobacco smoke is not a proven health hazard: it may be presented as one by anti-smoking activists whose motives are questionable.โ
Steve Lombardo
A representative with Edelman subsidiary StrategyOne, Steve Lombardoโs name appears in an number of contracts and communications with Philip Morris Tobacco.
Stance on Climate Change
Edelman has lost clients and executives in the past for what the Guardian described as its โunwillingness to take a strong stand on climate changeโ and having fossil fuel industry clients.42Marc Gunther. โEdelman loses executives and clients over climate change stance,โ The Guardian, July 7, 2015. Archived February 13, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/vVE4a
On climate, โEdelman resembles most global PR companies who want to play on both sides of the debate over what to do about carbon emissions,โ Marc Gunther wrote in The Guardian.
The New York Times reported in 2021 that Edelman was not willing to walk away from its fossil fuel clients, such as ExxonMobil.43โA P. R. Giant Is Caught Between Climate Pledges and Fossil Fuel Clients,โ The New York Times, December 10, 2021. Archived February 13, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/ID4w9
In January 2022, Edelman was among the PR firms44Steven Mufson. โMore than 450 scientists call on PR and ad firms to cut their ties with fossil fuel clients,โ The Washington Post, January 19, 2022. Archive URL:https://archive.ph/V1e3O named in a letter signed by 450 scientists that called on public relations and advertising firms to stop working with oil and gas companies. These campaigns โrepresent one of the biggest barriers to the government action science shows is necessary to mitigate the ongoing climate emergency,โ the letter stated.45โ450+ Scientistsโ Letter to Agencies: Drop Fossil Fuel Clients,โ Clean Creatives. Archived February 13, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/rX58B
In an August 3, 2023 version of its public position statement on climate change, Edelman states:46โEdelmanโs Climate Position.โ Archived February 9, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/g4su4
โWe believe that climate change is the biggest crisis we face as a societyโฆ[T]rust is the key to progress and is premised on action. Edelman partners with diverse clients committed to helping drive the transition to a net-zero future, helping them act and communicate in more meaningful ways.
[โฆ]
โWe recognize that urgent action is needed to mitigate the most dangerous impacts of climate change on both people and the planet. This requires the rapid reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and an orderly global transition to a net-zero-carbon economy.
โWe are committed to creating a โTrusted Transition,โ where we guide ourselves and genuinely committed clients to action and transformation, built on a foundation of trusted communication.โ
In 2014, Edelman had declared that it would not take on climate denial campaigns. 47Suzanne Goldenberg. โEdelman formally declares it will not accept climate denial campaigns,โ The Guardian, August 7, 2014. In a 2015 version of its public climate stance, Edelman stated that โwe do not accept client assignments that aim to deny climate change.โ
Below are examples of public climate change positions from some of Edelmanโs past clients:
National Association of Manufacturers (NAM)
โThe NAM believes that mitigating the impact of global warming by reducing greenhouse gas emissions is a significant and important goal for all nations. Any initiatives to achieve this goal, however, must not put American manufacturers at a relative competitive disadvantage. If actions are not taken by all significant emitters, there is substantial risk of carbon leakage that could nullify the effects of unilateral domestic action.โ48โNAM POLICY POSITIONSโ (PDF), National Association of Manufacturers, February 2016.
NAM helped launch the Global Climate Coalition (GCC) in 1989, which went on to represent 40 fossil fuel corporations and associations. 49Andrew Revkin. โIndustry Ignored Its Scientists on Climate,โ The New York Times, April 23, 2009. Archived September 22, 2009. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/LSWKm
A 1996 โOverviewโ document outlining the GCCโs position on climate change said:
โThe GCC believes that the preponderance of the evidence indicates that most, if not all, of the observed warming is part of a natural warming trend which began approximately 400 years ago. If there is an anthropogenic component to this observed warming, the GCC believes that it must be very small and must be superimposed on a much larger natural warming trend.โ50โGlobal Climate Coalition: An Overview,โ Global Climate Coalition, November 11, 1996. Archived April 25, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.fo/txH8X
American Petroleum Institute (API)
Edelmanโs contract with the American Petroleum Institute (API) made up a significant portion of its revenues until 2016. In 2010, Edelmanโs contract with API constituted over 10 percent of its total revenues.
A 1998 communications plan suggested API was actively working to promote โuncertaintyโ about climate change science, including its links to the burning of fossil fuels.51โ1998 American Petroleum Institute Global Climate Science Communications Team Action Plan,โ ClimateFiles.
According to the document, โvictory will be achieved whenโฆ[A]verage citizens โunderstandโ (recognize) uncertainties in climate science; recognition of uncertainties becomes part of the โconventional wisdom.โโ
Climate Files reported the Edison Electric Institute (EEI) was among the funding sources identified for the plan. EEI has been a client of Edelman.
Edison Electric Institute (EEI)
EEIโs former chairman, Tom Fanning, previously declared that it was not proven that CO2 was the primary driver of climate change:
โHas it been proven that carbon dioxide is the primary cause of climate change?โ Fanning was asked on CNBCโs โSquawk Boxโ in 2017.52Matthew J. Belvedere. โLike the new EPA chief, Southern Companyโs CEO doesnโt see CO2 as main reason for climate change,โ CNBC, March 28, 2017. Archived April 28, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/E8CMO
โNo, certainly not. Is climate change happening? Certainly. It has been happening for millennia,โ Fanning replied.
At the time, EEIโs official stance on climate change said the following: โGlobal climate change presents one of the biggest energy and environmental policy challenges this country has ever faced. EEI member companies are committed to addressing the challenge of climate change and have undertaken a wide range of initiatives over the last 30 years to reduce, avoid or sequester GHG emissions.โ
American Fuel & Petrochemical Manufacturers (AFPM)
AFPM has fought against the regulation of greenhouse gases:
โGreenhouse gases are regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency under the Clean Air Act, even though the Clean Air Act never authorized such regulation. AFPM believes that using this 40-year-old law to control of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions threatens our nationโs economic and energy security,โ AFPM wrote in its former โpolicy positionโ on greenhouse gas regulations.53โGREENHOUSE GAS REGULATIONS,โ AFPM. Archived October 11, 2016. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/6hOia
Its revised statement on climate claims โAFPM is committed to engaging in the discussion and development of sound climate change policies.โ54โClimate,โ AFPM. Archived February 10, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/FSMtn
National Mining Association (NMA)
NMA, a former Edelman client, once released a โCrisis Communications Templateโ that emphasized climate change as a โnatural phenomenon.โ55โMedia and Community Crisis Communication Planning Templateโ (PDF), NMA, August 2016.
In a climate change statement on its website, as of 2023, NMA positioned the mining industry as part of a โlow-carbon futureโ yet also promoted coal as โa significant portion of reliable and affordable baseload energy in the U.S. and across the globe, ensuring energy access and security in support of global sustainable and economic development goals.โ56โNMA Climate Change Position,โ NMA. Archived February 10, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/9b07k
Funding
The information below was collected from publicly available 990 tax forms.
Blue Advertising & Fossil Fuel Industry
Edelman subsidiary Blue Advertising was responsible for much of Edelmanโs work with the American Petroleum Institute (API). 2013 was the first year Blue Advertising appeared on APIโs tax forms, while according to Greenpeace, Blue Advertising was managing the API account as early as 2012. Blue Advertising reportedly divested from Edelman in 2015.57โDC-Based Blue Advertising Divests from Edelman; Edelmanโs Relationship with API is Set to End, Reports the Holmes Report,โ Capitol Communicator, February 20, 2015. Archived February 14, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/FlDhU
Key People
Edelman Leadership
The following data is also available as a spreadsheet outlining key Edelman people year over year (.xlsx).
Actions
April 21, 2023
Edelman emailed more than four U.S. journalists, including a CNBC reporter, to offer the opportunity to interview Masdar CEO Sultan Al Jaber about a recent renewable energy deal in Africa.58โCNBC Africa CEO interview offer โ What next after signing Africaโs biggest renewable energy deal?, Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit April 25, 2023,โ (PDF), U.S. Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Act. Retrieved from USDOJ FARA efile. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
April 2023
Edelman and Masdar ended a contract for public relations services related to the upcoming United Nations climate summit in Abu Dhabi, known as COP28. Edelman โsupported the announcement of [Sultan Al Jabarโs] COP28 presidency and initial rollout; however, this engagement has concluded,โ an Edelman representative would go on to tell Politico the following month.59Corbin Hiar and Zack Colman. โAn oil state hired the biggest PR firms to buff its climate image. It didnโt help,โ POLITICO, June 7, 2023. Archived June 7, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.fo/5W3eT
Edelman continued to work with Masdar on a public relations project to increase U.S. awareness of Masdarโs clean energy initiatives, scheduled to run through November 20th, 2023.60โOMB No. 1124-004; Expires July 31, 2023, Exhibit B to Registration Statement Pursuant to the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended, Registrant Daniel J. Edelman, Inc., Registration No. 3634, received March 8, 2023,โ (PDF), U.S. Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Act. Retrieved from USDOJ FARA efile. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
March 7, 2023
As part of its COP28 public relations services for Masdar, Edelman wrote a post for the COP28 UAE Facebook account that read: โโHoustonโฆ we have a problemโฆโ And the energy industry is part of the solution. During #CERAWeek, #COP28UAE President-Designate #DrSultanAlJaber challenges the energy industry to develop solutions that cut emissions and keep 1.5 alive in order to address climate change.โ61โInformational Materials: Masdar social media posts in March 2023, Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit March 31, 2023,โ (PDF), U.S. Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Act. Retrieved from USDOJ FARA efile. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
January 16, 2023
Masdar hired Edelman to โ[position] the Company and its Chairman, CEO, and executive directors responsible for the companyโs business units as sustainability leaders with key stakeholders in [the] US.โ 62โOMB No. 1124-004; Expires July 31, 2023, Exhibit B to Registration Statement Pursuant to the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended, Registrant Daniel J. Edelman, Inc., Registration No. 3634, received March 8, 2023,โ (PDF), U.S. Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Act. Retrieved from USDOJ FARA efile. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
Masdar also hired Edelman to promote several events: Abu Dhabi Sustainability Week; Women in Sustainability, Environment, and Renewable Energy; and Youth 4 Sustainability. During Abu Dhabi Sustainability Week, which started on January 16, Masdar tasked Edelman with positioning Abu Dhabi as a โsustainability hub.โ63โOMB No. 1124-004; Expires July 31, 2023, Exhibit B to Registration Statement Pursuant to the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended, Registrant Daniel J. Edelman, Inc., Registration No. 3634, received March 8, 2023,โ (PDF), U.S. Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Act. Retrieved from USDOJ FARA efile. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
January 9, 2023
Masdar hired Edelman to provide public relations services ahead of and during COP28, the United Nations climate summit beginning on November 30, 2023.64โOMB No. 1124-004; Expires July 31, 2023, Exhibits A and B to Registration Statement Pursuant to the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended, Registrant Daniel J. Edelman, Inc., Registration No. 3634, received January 17, 2023,โ (PDF), U.S. Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Act. Retrieved from USDOJ FARA efile. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
This contract would go on to end prematurely in April 2023.65Corbin Hiar and Zack Colman. โAn oil state hired the biggest PR firms to buff its climate image. It didnโt help,โ POLITICO, June 7, 2023. Archived June 7, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.fo/5W3eT
As part of this contract, Edelman ran the โCOP28 UAEโ Facebook and LinkedIn accounts, the โcop28uaeofficialโ Instagram account, and the โ@COP28_UAEโ Twitter account;66โAbu Dhabi Future Energy Company Pjsc โ Masdar Social Media Posts Thru 1/31/2023, Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit March 2, 2023,โ (PDF), U.S. Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Act. Retrieved from USDOJ FARA efile. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.did outreach to U.S. media regarding Masdarโs role in COP28; and helped draft speeches.67โOMB No. 1124-00002; Expires July 31, 2023, Supplemental Statement Pursuant to the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended, Registrant Daniel J. Edelman, Inc., Registration No. 3634, received March 2, 2023,โ (PDF), U.S. Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Act. Retrieved from USDOJ FARA efile. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
December 2022
The Guardian reported on Edelmanโs work for the Saudi Arabian government and state-controlled companies.68Adam Lowerstein. โThe American PR firm helping Saudi Arabia clean up its image,โ The Guardian, December 22, 2022. Archived February 13, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/GbF6i
โ[T]he powerful PR firm has received or is contracted to receive $9.6m (ยฃ7.9m) in fees from Saudi government agencies and companies controlled by the regime, according to a Guardian analysis of US Department of Justice documents made available by the watchdog group OpenSecrets,โ The Guardian reported.
Records show that Edelman had registered with the U.S. Department of Justice as a foreign agent for chemicals manufacturer Saudi Basic Industries Corporation in 2020, as well as registering to assist the city of Neom with โstrategic counsel,โ โmedia relations,โ and โstakeholder identification and engagement,โ among other work in the U.S.
November 17, 2014
Greenpeace leaked Energy East pipeline campaign documents created by Edelman for TransCanada.
August 7, 2014
CEO Richard Edelman published a blog post on Edelmanโs website in response to articles in The Guardian69Suzanne Goldenberg and Nishad Karim. โWorldโs top PR companies rule out working with climate deniers,โ The Guardian, August 4, 2014. Archived November 19, 2014. Archive URL: https://archive.li/jlnTL and Vice Mediaโs Motherboard blog70Brian Merchant. โThe Worldโs Biggest PR Firm Is In Denial About Its Climate Change Denial,โ VICE Motherboard, August 12, 2014. Archived September 8, 2014. Archive URL: https://archive.li/AQtwe 71Brian Merchant. โHow the Worldโs Biggest PR Firm Helps Promote Climate Change Denial,โ VICE Motherboard, August 5, 2015. noting Edelmanโs ongoing work for climate-denying clients.
Richard Edelman wrote that the company โrecognizes the reality of climate change and accepts the science behind the claim. We do not accept clients that seek to deny climate change.โ He also pushed back against Motherboardโs characterization of Edelmanโs work for fossil fuel clients such as the American Petroleum Institute: โWe do not work with astroturf groups and we have never created a website for a client with the intent to deny climate change.โ72Richard Edelman. โEdelmanโs Position on Climate Change,โ Edelman 6 A.M., August 7, 2014. Archived August 10, 2014. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
August 5, 2014
Edelman prepared a campaign strategy document for TransCanada, which had hired Edelman to increase public support for its Energy East tar sands pipeline. TransCanada intended Energy East to be an alternative to its proposed Keystone XL pipeline,73โEnergy East Campaign Organization: Promote, Respond, Pressure,โ Edelman & TransCanada, August 5, 2014. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog. which had been awaiting U.S. approval for years amid an outcry from environmental activists.
The strategy document, titled โPromote, Respond, Pressure,โ outlined a โperpetual campaignโ to shield Energy East from criticism by working with third party groups to attack the opposition. Edelman suggested that a key effort in this strategy would be to โadd layers of difficulty for our opponents, distracting them from their mission and causing them to redirect their resources.โ74โEnergy East Campaign Organization: Promote, Respond, Pressure,โ Edelman & TransCanada, August 5, 2014. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
In the strategy document, Edelman also outlined an extensive plan for researching opposition groups, which would eventually be presented to TransCanada as a report.75โEnergy East Campaign Organization: Promote, Respond, Pressure,โ Edelman & TransCanada, August 5, 2014. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
May 20, 2014
Edelman created two documents for TransCanada, titled โDigital Grassroots Advocacy Implementation Planโ and โStrategic Plan: Quebec.โ76โEnergy East Pipeline: Strategic Plan: Quebec,โ (PDF), Edelman strategy document for TransCanada, May 20, 2014. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog. These documents outlined the public relations strategy for a campaign to increase public support for the Energy East pipeline from Canada to the U.S. TransCanada had proposed Energy East as an alternative to the Keystone XL pipeline,77Brad Plumer. โEnergy East is Canadaโs alternative to Keystone XL. And itโs in trouble,โ Vox, November 25, 2014. Archived December 07, 2022. Archive URL: https://archive.li/whuJS which had been awaiting U.S. approval for years amid opposition by environmental activists.
The digital strategy document outlined a โgrassrootsโ strategy to build support for the pipeline through a website and a social media campaign, while identifying existing TransCanada employees and suppliers who could support the campaign.
The โStrategic Plan: Quebecโ document noted that other players in the energy industry had already used digital โgrassrootsโ campaigns to build U.S. support for the industry, as well as the Keystone XL pipeline. โFor example, API has been using digital grassroots tools to organize and mobilize industry employees and other concerned Americans since 2007,โ the report noted, with pictures of the Energy Citizens and Energy Nation logos below the text.78โEnergy East Pipeline: Strategic Plan: Quebec,โ (PDF),Edelman strategy document for TransCanada, May 20, 2014. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
April 23, 2014
Edelman announced that Mark Hass Edelman U.S. president and CEO, would be leaving the company in July.79Alexandra Bruell. โEdelman U.S. President-Ceo Mark Hass To Step Down,โ Ad Age, April 23, 2014. Archived September 25, 2016. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
Richard Edelman would go on to tell VICE Motherboardโs Brian Merchant a few months later, โWe fired the head of our US [division] in part because of that stupid note he wrote about, you know, how we donโt answer these kinds of things,โ referring to an email Hass had accidentally sent to the Climate Investigations Center on April 4.80Brian Merchant. โThe Worldโs Biggest PR Firm Is In Denial About Its Climate Change Denial,โ VICE Motherboard, August 12, 2014. Archived September 8, 2014. Archive URL: https://archive.li/AQtwe
April 4, 2014
Edelman U.S. President and CEO Mark Hass accidentally included the Climate Investigations Center in an email sent to Edelman employees.81Suzanne Goldenberg and Nishad Karim. โWorldโs top PR companies rule out working with climate deniers,โ The Guardian, August 4, 2014. Archived November 19, 2014. Archive URL: https://archive.li/jlnTL The Climate Investigations Center had emailed Edelman requesting clarification on the companyโs position on climate change. Hassโs response stated, โI donโt believe we are obligated in any way to respond. There are only wrong answers for this guy.โ82Kert Davies. โPR Industry Climate Change Survey,โ Climate Investigations Center, August 5, 2014. Archive URL: https://archive.li/tSEqE
Screenshot of Mark Hassโ email regarding an information request from the Climate Investigations Center.
May 10, 2012
PR Week reported that the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) had hired Edelman to โhelp it deal with recent corporate fallout and opposition to its legislative positions.โ83โUnder-fire advocacy group ALEC works with Edelman,โ PR Week, May 10, 2012. Archived February 9, 2022. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/xJ2qt
A source told PR Week that ALEC hired Edelman on the recommendation of one of its clients and did not search out other PR firms. The hiring followed complaints with the Internal Revenue Service alleging ALEC had violated laws in lobbying state lawmakers.84โUnder-fire advocacy group ALEC works with Edelman,โ PR Week, May 10, 2012. Archived February 9, 2022. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/xJ2qt
January 4, 2012
Greenpeace crashed an event at which API CEO Jack Gerard announced the Vote 4 Energy campaign, describing it as a โconversation with the American people.โ85Philip Radford. โTrimming astroturf from the American Petroleum Instituteโs Vote 4 Energy ad,โ Grist, January 10, 2012. Archived December 1, 2020. Archive URL: https://archive.li/WjbCD Greenpeace activists rolled out an astroturf carpet for attendees entering the event.86โFlickr photo album: API Astroturf,โ Greenpeace USA, January 4, 2012. Archived November 13, 2019. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
January 2012
As part of the American Petroleum Instituteโs โVote 4 Energyโ campaign, Edelman assisted the API in organizing a speech and panel discussion aimed at โkey influencersโ in government, think tanks, and the media.87Erin Quinn And Chris Young. โD.C. Influencers Spend More on Advertising and PR Than Lobbying,โ TIME, January 15, 2015. Archived March 3, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.li/6Y408
December 2011
Ahead of the 2012 U.S. elections, Blue Advertising, a subsidiary of Edelman, was hired to create the Vote 4 Energy campaign for the American Petroleum Institute under the Energy Citizens brand.88โAmerican Petroleum Institute: Vote 4 Energy campaign,โ Blue Advertising. Archived May 2, 2020. Archive URL: https://archive.li/wSduX
March 2010
Edelman was a finalist for the Public Relations Society of Americaโs Silver Anvil award for its work on the โIRENA@UAE: Realizing a Renewable Energy Future for the Middle Eastโ campaign, which ran during the first half of 2009.89Public Relations Society of America. โ2010 Silver Anvil Finalists,โ PRSA.org Yumpu account, February 6, 2014. Archived August 17, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
October 2009
Edelman won a Platinum PR Award from PR News for its work on the โonline advocacy programโ Energy Tomorrow, which featured the website EnergyTomorrow.org, a weekly podcast series, and videos of influencers touring oil and gas facilities. Edelman reported that the website, which had been launched in 2007, had received more than 500,000 visits.90โ2009 Platinum PR Awards: Online Communications,โ PRNews, October 26, 2009. Archived August 18, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.li/hMQ88
August 2009
Edelman helped the American Petroleum Institute set up an astroturf organization called โEnergy Citizens.โ91Adam Lowenstein. โThe worldโs biggest PR firm claims to be an expert on trust โ but is it?โ The Guardian, January 15, 2023. Archived January 19, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.li/pEE3n
A memo from API President Jack Gerard, leaked to the public by Greenpeace, outlined a plan to hold rallies against recent federal climate legislation under the Energy Citizens banner, while Congress was on its August recess. 92Jack Gerard. โCopy Of Email From American Petroleum Institute To Its Membership โ Obtained By Greenpeace โ August 2009,โ (PDF), Greenpeace, August 12, 2009. Archived June 19, 2021. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog. In the memo, Gerard asked oil and gas companies to send their employees to the rallies, noting that API would coordinate their transportation to the events.93Kevin Grandia. โTexas and New Mexico โEnergy Citizensโ Events Are Really โEnergy Employeesโ Rallies,โ DeSmog, August 20, 2009.
Of the 21 so-called โgrassrootsโ rallies, 15 were organized by oil industry lobbyists.94Brendan DeMelle. โLobbyists for Big Oil Organizing Most โGrassrootsโ โEnergy Citizensโ Rallies,โ DeSmog, August 24, 2009. For instance, a rally in Roswell, New Mexico was organized by DW Turner, a public relations firm which represented BP and Chevron, according to a local New Mexico blogger.95Kevin Grandia. โTexas and New Mexico โEnergy Citizensโ Events Are Really โEnergy Employeesโ Rallies,โ DeSmog, August 20, 2009.
June 2009
The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) announced that it would site its headquarters in Masdar City. In the months prior, Edelman had conducted a political influence and public relations campaign on Masdarโs behalf to secure the IRENA headquarters in UAE, with support from ad agencies GMMB and Unkommon LLC. GMMB hired Unkommon to write speeches, develop presentations, and create the โbid bookโ distributed to voting members of IRENA who were tasked with selecting the winning bid for IRENAโs headquarters. The United Arab Emiratesโ bid defeated competing bids from Germany and Austria.96โIRENA@UAE (gmmb),โ (PDF), Unkommon, c. August 2014. Archived January 19, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
February 2009
As part of its contract with Masdar, Edelman began a political influence and public relations campaign to secure the headquarters of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) in Masdar City, United Arab Emirates. As part of the campaign, Edelman drafted letters to heads of state around the world for Masdar CEO Dr. Sultan Al Jaber extolling the environmental virtues of Masdar City, and coordinated meetings with government officials around the world to gain their support for Masdar Cityโs bid.97โOMB No. 1124-0002, Supplemental Statement Pursuant to Section 2 of the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended, For Six Month Period Ending March 31, 2009, Registrant Daniel J. Edelman, Inc., Registration No. 3657, p. 25,โ (PDF), U.S. Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Act. Retrieved from USDOJ FARA efile. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
January 21, 2009
Edelman wrote and distributed for Masdar announcing that the Masdar Institute had joined the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Energy Initiative.98โOMB No. 1124-0002, Supplemental Statement Pursuant to Section 2 of the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended, For Six Month Period Ending March 31, 2009, Registrant Daniel J. Edelman, Inc., Registration No. 3657, received May 7, 2009, p. 108,โ U.S. Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Act. Retrieved from USDOJ FARA efile. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog. In its subsequent work promoting Masdar, Edelman would often highlight the connections between MIT and the Masdar Institute, which had been conceived as a research center focused on renewable energy.
January 19, 2009
The World Future Energy Summit, a gathering of government and business officials organized by Edelman, began in Abu Dhabi.99โOMB No. 1124-0002, Supplemental Statement Pursuant to Section 2 of the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended, For Six Month Period Ending March 31, 2009, Registrant Daniel J. Edelman, Inc., Registration No. 3657, received May 7, 2009, p. 90,โ (PDF), U.S. Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Act. Retrieved from USDOJ FARA efile. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog. Edelman coordinated travel for journalists to attend and cover the summit. Featured speakers included Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Chairman R.K. Pachauri, former U.K. prime minister Tony Blair, Andris Piebalgs, commissioner for energy at the European Commission, and MIT President Susan Hockfield.
Edelman helped draft Sultan Al Jaberโs keynote address, during which Al Jaber announced that Abu Dhabi would commit to have 7 percent of its power generation capacity from renewable sources by 2020.100(Press Release). โAbu Dhabi Department of Energy Issues โ2020 Annual Technical Report for the Water, Wastewater, and Electricity Sectors in the Emirate of Abu Dhabiโ Abu Dhabi Department of Energy, December 29, 2021. Archived January 26, 2022. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/EFraq This commitment was referenced often in the Edelman-coordinated campaign to bring IRENAโs headquarters to Masdar City.101โOMB No. 1124-0002, Supplemental Statement Pursuant to Section 2 of the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended, For Six Month Period Ending September 30, 2009, Registrant: Daniel J. Edelman, Inc., Registration No. 3657, received October 30, 2009,โ (PDF), U.S. Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Act. Retrieved from USDOJ FARA efile. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog. At the time of the announcement, Abu Dhabi did not have any power generation capacity from renewable sources, unlike other countries which also bid for IRENAโs headquarters. 102Edelman and Public Relations Society of America. โPublic Relations Society of America Records, 1938-2014: โIRENA@UAE: Realizing a renewable energy future for the Middle East,โ Masdar/Edelman and Boos and GMMB,โ Public Relations Society of America archives at the Wisconsin Historical Society, 2010.
December 11, 2008
As part of its work for Masdar, Edelman organized a Masdar-hosted cocktail reception at the COP14 climate summit in Poznan, Poland. The event featured a conversation between Sam Nader, a director at Masdar, and Marc Gunther of Fortune Magazine. Edelman invited journalists from major international newspapers as well as dozens of key influencers to the event.103โOMB No. 1124-0002, Supplemental Statement Pursuant to Section 2 of the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended, For Six Month Period Ending March 31, 2009, Registrant Daniel J. Edelman, Inc., Registration No. 3657, received May 7, 2009, p. 20,โ (PDF), U.S. Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Act. Retrieved from USDOJ FARA efile. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
December 2008
Edelman coordinated interviews of Khaled Awad, a director at Masdar, with two news outlets: The New York Times and The Sunday Times. The New York Times would subsequently quote Awad in a January 2009 article on clean energy development in Gulf states, which included photos of solar panels being tested in the โzero carbon cityโ of Masdar.104Elisabeth Rosenthal. โGulf Oil States Seeking a Lead in Clean Energy,โ The New York Times, January 12, 2009. Archived October 7, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.is/V70Pa
November 18, 2008
Edelman drafted and distributed a Masdar press release applauding Masdarโs partnership with Mustang Advanced Engineering to develop carbon capture and storage systems.105โOMB No. 1124-0002, Supplemental Statement Pursuant to Section 2 of the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended, For Six Month Period Ending March 31, 2009, Registrant Daniel J. Edelman, Inc., Registration No. 3657, received May 7, 2009, pp. 52, 73,โ (PDF), U.S. Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Act. Retrieved from USDOJ FARA efile. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
October 28, 2008
Edelman drafted an op-ed to be published in university student publications which positioned Abu Dhabi as a leader in sustainability. The op-ed, attributed to United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Chairman R. K. Pachauri, began by evoking the โChange,โ slogan from Barack Obamaโs 2008 presidential campaign, then positioned the oil-rich United Arab Emirates as an unprecedented investor in renewable energy.106โOMB No. 1124-0002, Supplemental Statement Pursuant to Secton 2 of the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended, For Six Month Period Ending March 31, 2009, Registrant Daniel J. Edelman, Inc., Registration No. 3657, received May 7, 2009, pp. 17, 51,โ (PDF), U.S. Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Act. Retrieved from USDOJ FARA efile. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
January 15, 2008
Edelman and Masdar, the United Arab Emirates renewable energy company also known as Abu Dhabi Future Energy Company, signed an agreement for public relations services and communications support. The contract noted that Edelmanโs public affairs team in London would facilitate meetings between Masdar and โUK political elites.โ107โOMB No. 1124-0002, Supplemental Statement Pursuant to Secton 2 of the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended, For Six Month Period Ending March 31, 2009, Registrant Daniel J. Edelman, Inc., Registration No. 3657, received May 7, 2009,โ (PDF), U.S. Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Act. Retrieved from USDOJ FARA efile. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
June 2007
Edelman-created radio ads began running in Houston, Washington, D.C., New York, and Boston. The ads criticized legislative proposals to tax windfall profits by the fossil fuel industry. The ads warned that if these bills โ responses to recent gasoline price gouging โ passed, they would lead to gas shortages. An API spokesperson confirmed that the radio ads, as well as related print ads in major newspapers, were part of a โmulti-year, multi-million dollar effortโ to boost the industryโs image. The ads did not mention that API had sponsored them. Instead, they were attributed to โthe People of Americaโs Oil and Natural Gas Industry.โ108David Ivanovich. โEnergy ads beat up on the โ70s,โ Houston Chronicle, June 1, 2007. Archived December 5, 2022. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/urYaN
January 2007
Edelman began working on a campaign for the American Petroleum Institute to boost the oil and gas industryโs image amid growing public concern about the environment and high gas prices. Reuters reported that the campaign would spend $100 million over several years and involve TV advertising as well as newspaper print ads.109Chris Baltimore. โBig Oil seeks to burnish U.S. image in 2007,โ Reuters, January 20, 2007. Archived August 17, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.li/Nlkdk Edelman launched EnergyTomorrow.org with API for the campaign.110โ2009 Platinum PR Awards: Online Communications,โ PRNews, October 26, 2009. Archived August 18, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.li/hMQ88
Related Organizations
Daniel J Edelman Holdings (DJEH)
The companies noted below have been listed as part of DJEH111โThe DJEH Family of Companiesโ Code of Conductโ DJE Holdings, October 2020. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- Daniel J. Edelman, Inc.
- StrategyOne, Inc. d/b/a Edelman Data & Intelligence*
- Zeno Group, Inc.
- Assembly Media, Inc.
- Matter, Inc.
- United Entertainment Group Holdings, LLC
- Edible, Inc.
- Edelman Miami Latin America Corp.
- The H & W Group, Inc. d/b/a Salutem
- The R Group Public Relations Company, Inc. d/b/a Revere
- First & 42nd, Inc.
- First@Edifi
- BioScience Communications
- DJEScience
* StrategyOne, Inc. has appeared in the Truth Tobacco Industry Documents archive as a contractor to Phillip Morris, according to a June 2000 document.112โSTRATEGY1 โ MEDIA MONITOR INFOFLOW.DOC,โ June 13, 2000. Retrieved from the Truth Tobacco Industry Documents archive at the University of California, San Francisco library. Bates no. 5000967780-5000967784.
As of 2022, PR Week in partnership with PRTalent released a map of PR Industry ownership that listed the following companies under DJE Holdings:113โAgency Business Report 2022. Agency family tree,โ PRWeek. Archived image on file at DeSmog.
Edelman Clients
In addition to the data available in 900 tax forms, OโDwyerโs magazine used to display a number of Edelmanโs clients until 2010:
Sources:
- OโDywerโs 2010 Internet Archive
- OโDywerโs 2009 Internet Archive
- OโDywerโs 2008 Internet Archive
- OโDywerโs 2007 Internet Archive
- OโDywerโs 2006 Internet Archive
Contact & Address
Edelman maintains offices in Canada, the US, Latin America, Europe, Middle East and Africa, and Asia Pacific.114โGLOBAL NETWORK,โ Edelman. Accessed February 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/YncNG
Social Media
Edelman US
- Edelman on Facebook
- @EdelmanPR on X (formerly Twitter)
- Edelman on LinkedIn
- Edelman on Instagram
Edelman Canada
- Edelman on Facebook
- @EdelmanCanada on Twitter
- Edelman Canada on LinkedIn
- Edelman Canada on Instagram
Other Resources
- โEdelman PR,โ Climate Investigations Center.
- โD.C. Influencers Spend More on Advertising and PR Than Lobbying,โ Time / Center for Public Integrity.
- โEdelman (firm)โ on Wikipedia.
Resources
- 1โOโD 2022 Directory of Public Relations Firms,โ OโDwyers, July 15, 2021. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 2โOโD 2021 Directory of Public Relations Firms,โ OโDwyerโs, July 15, 2021. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 3โEdelman PR,โ Climate Investigations Center. Accessed February 2023.
- 4โA Storied History,โ Edelman. Archived February 9, 2022. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/CGJqx
- 5Franz Wisner. โEdelman and The Rise of Public Relationsโ (PDF), Daniel J. Edelman, Inc., 2012. Retrieved from Scribd.
- 6Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 7โGlobal Network,โ Edelman. Archived February 9, 2022. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/aAo30
- 8Arun Sudhaman. โEdelmanโs American Petroleum Institute Assignment Ends,โ PRovoke Media, February 13, 2015. Archived June 9, 2020. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/XLDz4
- 9Ian Talley, โLobby Groups to Use Town Hall Tactics to Oppose Climate Bill,โ Wall Street Journal โWashington Wireโ blog, August 11, 2009.
- 10โLetter from Greenpeace US Executive Director Phil Radford to Jack Gerard, president and CEO of the American Petroleum Institute, dated August 12, 2009.โ Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 11Adam Lowerstein. โThe worldโs biggest PR firm claims to be an expert on trust โ but is it?โ The Guardian, January 15, 2023.
- 12โGrassroots Advocacy Vision Document,โ Edelman, May 15, 2014. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 13โAmerican Petroleum Institute: Vote 4 Energy campaign,โ Blue Advertising. Archived May 2, 2020. Archive URL: https://archive.li/wSduX
- 14Kert Davies. โUpcoming American Petroleum Institute โVote 4 Energyโ TV campaign disrupted by undercover activists,โ Greenpeace, December 20, 2011. Archived June 6, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/vrPrJ
- 15Zachary Roth. โOil industry lobbyists punked by environmental activists,โ Yahoo! News. December 20, 2011. Archived August 18, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.li/aM0Ch
- 16Connor Gibson, โFour Years After Greenpeace Sting: PR Firm Dumps Oil Lobbyists,โ DeSmog, February 20, 2015.
- 17James Gerken. โโI Vote 4 Energyโ Video Spoofs American Petroleum Institute Ad Campaign (VIDEO),โ Huffpost, January 5, 2012.
- 18Philip Radford. โTrimming astroturf from the American Petroleum Instituteโs Vote 4 Energy ad,โ Grist, January 10, 2012. Archived December 1, 2020. Archive URL: https://archive.li/WjbCD
- 19โFlickr photo album: API Astroturf,โ Greenpeace USA, January 4, 2012. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 20Erin Quinn And Chris Young. โD.C. Influencers Spend More on Advertising and PR Than Lobbying,โ TIME, January 15, 2015. Archived March 3, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.li/6Y408
- 21โBlue Advertising. โAmerican Petroleum Instituteโ, Blue Advertising, c. 2012. Archived May 27, 2016. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 22โHolmes Group Announces Silver SABRE Winners,โ PRovoke Media, March 25, 2012. Archived September 26, 2020. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/0rGUD
- 23โAwards nominated and won by Blue,โ The Telly Awards, 2012. Archived August 18, 2023.
- 24โ2012 Award of Excellence: API โIโm Oneโ Campaign,โ The Communicator Awards. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 25โOMB No. 1124-0002, Supplemental Statement Pursuant to Section 2 of the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended, For Six Month Period Ending March 31, 2009, Registrant Daniel J. Edelman, Inc., Registration No. 3657, received May 7, 2009, p. 134,โ (PDF), U.S. Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Act. Retrieved from USDOJ FARA efile. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 26โOMB No. 1124-0002, Supplemental Statement Pursuant to Section 2 of the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended, For Six Month Period Ending September 30, 2009, received October 30, 2009 p. 3,โ (PDF), U.S. Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Act. Retrieved from USDOJ FARA efile. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 27(Press Release). โHE Dr Sultan Ahmed Al Jaber UAE Minister of Industry and Advanced Technology, COP28 President-Designate, and Chairman of Masdar,โ c. March 2023. Archived April 27, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/c8Hpy
- 28Cartie Werthman. โAmerican PR Firm Edelman Enabled Oil Baron Al Jaberโs Ascention to Lead COP28 Climate Conference,โ DeSmog, September 13, 2023.
- 29โOMB No. 1124-0002, Supplemental Statement Pursuant to Section 2 of the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended, For Six Month Period Ending September 30, 2009, received October 30, 2009. p. 3,โ (PDF), U.S. Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Act. Retrieved from USDOJ FARA efile. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 30Patricia Peiro. โUn paseo por la desรฉrtica Masdar, la ciudad que estaba llamada a ser la primera con emisiones cero,โ El Paรญs, February 23, 2020. Archived November 18, 2022. Archive URL: https://archive.is/Hbfeg
- 31Ellen Grover. โWe Were Promised Smart Cities. What Happened?โ Built In, November 15, 2022. Archived November 3, 2022. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/Or3mn
- 32โOMB No. 1124-004; Expires July 31, 2023, Exhibits A and B to Registration Statement Pursuant to the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended, Registrant Daniel J. Edelman, Inc., Registration No. 3634, received January 17, 2023,โ (PDF), U.S. Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Act. Retrieved from USDOJ FARA efile. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 33โAbu Dhabi Future Energy Company Pjsc โ Masdar Social Media Posts Thru 1/31/2023, Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit March 2, 2023,โ (PDF), U.S. Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Act. Retrieved from USDOJ FARA efile. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 34OMB No. 1124-00002; Expires July 31, 2023, Supplemental Statement Pursuant to the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended, Registrant Daniel J. Edelman, Inc., Registration No. 3634, received March 2, 2023,โ (PDF), U.S. Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Act. Retrieved from USDOJ FARA efile. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 35Corbin Hiar and Zack Colman. โAn oil state hired the biggest PR firms to buff its climate image. It didnโt help,โ POLITICO, June 7, 2023. Archived June 7, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.fo/5W3eT
- 36โEdelman,โ Tobacco Tactics, February 4, 2020. Archived February 13, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/kfiPk
- 37โCommunicating the Case for Tobacco: Review and Forward Planning for TAC,โ Edelman Public Relations Worldwide, March 27, 1993. Retrieved from UCSF Truth Tobacco Industry Documents Library Bates No. 304043541-304043562.
- 38โHow to set up a Tobacco Alliance,โ Tobacco Alliance, September 20, 1983. Retrieved from UCSF Truth Tobacco Industry Documents Library Bates No. 2501021530-2501021532.
- 39โTobacco Alliance Audio-Visual,โ Daniel J Edelman Limited. Retrieved from UCSF Truth Tobacco Industry Documents Library Bates No. 303706484-303706506.
- 40โTobacco Alliance Account,โ Tobacco Manufacturersโ Association, December 19, 2001. Retrieved from UCSF Truth Tobacco Industry Documents Library Bates No. 325133651.
- 41โSmoking at Work,โ Daniel J Edelman Incorporated. 1987. Retrieved from UCSF Truth Tobacco Industry Documents Library Bates No. 500889783-500889789.
- 42Marc Gunther. โEdelman loses executives and clients over climate change stance,โ The Guardian, July 7, 2015. Archived February 13, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/vVE4a
- 43โA P. R. Giant Is Caught Between Climate Pledges and Fossil Fuel Clients,โ The New York Times, December 10, 2021. Archived February 13, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/ID4w9
- 44Steven Mufson. โMore than 450 scientists call on PR and ad firms to cut their ties with fossil fuel clients,โ The Washington Post, January 19, 2022. Archive URL:https://archive.ph/V1e3O
- 45โ450+ Scientistsโ Letter to Agencies: Drop Fossil Fuel Clients,โ Clean Creatives. Archived February 13, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/rX58B
- 46โEdelmanโs Climate Position.โ Archived February 9, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/g4su4
- 47Suzanne Goldenberg. โEdelman formally declares it will not accept climate denial campaigns,โ The Guardian, August 7, 2014.
- 48โNAM POLICY POSITIONSโ (PDF), National Association of Manufacturers, February 2016.
- 49Andrew Revkin. โIndustry Ignored Its Scientists on Climate,โ The New York Times, April 23, 2009. Archived September 22, 2009. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/LSWKm
- 50โGlobal Climate Coalition: An Overview,โ Global Climate Coalition, November 11, 1996. Archived April 25, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.fo/txH8X
- 51
- 52Matthew J. Belvedere. โLike the new EPA chief, Southern Companyโs CEO doesnโt see CO2 as main reason for climate change,โ CNBC, March 28, 2017. Archived April 28, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/E8CMO
- 53โGREENHOUSE GAS REGULATIONS,โ AFPM. Archived October 11, 2016. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/6hOia
- 54โClimate,โ AFPM. Archived February 10, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/FSMtn
- 55โMedia and Community Crisis Communication Planning Templateโ (PDF), NMA, August 2016.
- 56โNMA Climate Change Position,โ NMA. Archived February 10, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/9b07k
- 57โDC-Based Blue Advertising Divests from Edelman; Edelmanโs Relationship with API is Set to End, Reports the Holmes Report,โ Capitol Communicator, February 20, 2015. Archived February 14, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/FlDhU
- 58โCNBC Africa CEO interview offer โ What next after signing Africaโs biggest renewable energy deal?, Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit April 25, 2023,โ (PDF), U.S. Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Act. Retrieved from USDOJ FARA efile. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 59Corbin Hiar and Zack Colman. โAn oil state hired the biggest PR firms to buff its climate image. It didnโt help,โ POLITICO, June 7, 2023. Archived June 7, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.fo/5W3eT
- 60โOMB No. 1124-004; Expires July 31, 2023, Exhibit B to Registration Statement Pursuant to the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended, Registrant Daniel J. Edelman, Inc., Registration No. 3634, received March 8, 2023,โ (PDF), U.S. Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Act. Retrieved from USDOJ FARA efile. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 61โInformational Materials: Masdar social media posts in March 2023, Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit March 31, 2023,โ (PDF), U.S. Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Act. Retrieved from USDOJ FARA efile. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 62โOMB No. 1124-004; Expires July 31, 2023, Exhibit B to Registration Statement Pursuant to the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended, Registrant Daniel J. Edelman, Inc., Registration No. 3634, received March 8, 2023,โ (PDF), U.S. Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Act. Retrieved from USDOJ FARA efile. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 63โOMB No. 1124-004; Expires July 31, 2023, Exhibit B to Registration Statement Pursuant to the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended, Registrant Daniel J. Edelman, Inc., Registration No. 3634, received March 8, 2023,โ (PDF), U.S. Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Act. Retrieved from USDOJ FARA efile. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 64โOMB No. 1124-004; Expires July 31, 2023, Exhibits A and B to Registration Statement Pursuant to the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended, Registrant Daniel J. Edelman, Inc., Registration No. 3634, received January 17, 2023,โ (PDF), U.S. Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Act. Retrieved from USDOJ FARA efile. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 65Corbin Hiar and Zack Colman. โAn oil state hired the biggest PR firms to buff its climate image. It didnโt help,โ POLITICO, June 7, 2023. Archived June 7, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.fo/5W3eT
- 66โAbu Dhabi Future Energy Company Pjsc โ Masdar Social Media Posts Thru 1/31/2023, Received by NSD/FARA Registration Unit March 2, 2023,โ (PDF), U.S. Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Act. Retrieved from USDOJ FARA efile. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 67โOMB No. 1124-00002; Expires July 31, 2023, Supplemental Statement Pursuant to the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended, Registrant Daniel J. Edelman, Inc., Registration No. 3634, received March 2, 2023,โ (PDF), U.S. Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Act. Retrieved from USDOJ FARA efile. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 68Adam Lowerstein. โThe American PR firm helping Saudi Arabia clean up its image,โ The Guardian, December 22, 2022. Archived February 13, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/GbF6i
- 69Suzanne Goldenberg and Nishad Karim. โWorldโs top PR companies rule out working with climate deniers,โ The Guardian, August 4, 2014. Archived November 19, 2014. Archive URL: https://archive.li/jlnTL
- 70Brian Merchant. โThe Worldโs Biggest PR Firm Is In Denial About Its Climate Change Denial,โ VICE Motherboard, August 12, 2014. Archived September 8, 2014. Archive URL: https://archive.li/AQtwe
- 71Brian Merchant. โHow the Worldโs Biggest PR Firm Helps Promote Climate Change Denial,โ VICE Motherboard, August 5, 2015.
- 72Richard Edelman. โEdelmanโs Position on Climate Change,โ Edelman 6 A.M., August 7, 2014. Archived August 10, 2014. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 73โEnergy East Campaign Organization: Promote, Respond, Pressure,โ Edelman & TransCanada, August 5, 2014. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 74โEnergy East Campaign Organization: Promote, Respond, Pressure,โ Edelman & TransCanada, August 5, 2014. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 75โEnergy East Campaign Organization: Promote, Respond, Pressure,โ Edelman & TransCanada, August 5, 2014. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 76โEnergy East Pipeline: Strategic Plan: Quebec,โ (PDF), Edelman strategy document for TransCanada, May 20, 2014. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 77Brad Plumer. โEnergy East is Canadaโs alternative to Keystone XL. And itโs in trouble,โ Vox, November 25, 2014. Archived December 07, 2022. Archive URL: https://archive.li/whuJS
- 78โEnergy East Pipeline: Strategic Plan: Quebec,โ (PDF),Edelman strategy document for TransCanada, May 20, 2014. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 79Alexandra Bruell. โEdelman U.S. President-Ceo Mark Hass To Step Down,โ Ad Age, April 23, 2014. Archived September 25, 2016. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 80Brian Merchant. โThe Worldโs Biggest PR Firm Is In Denial About Its Climate Change Denial,โ VICE Motherboard, August 12, 2014. Archived September 8, 2014. Archive URL: https://archive.li/AQtwe
- 81Suzanne Goldenberg and Nishad Karim. โWorldโs top PR companies rule out working with climate deniers,โ The Guardian, August 4, 2014. Archived November 19, 2014. Archive URL: https://archive.li/jlnTL
- 82Kert Davies. โPR Industry Climate Change Survey,โ Climate Investigations Center, August 5, 2014. Archive URL: https://archive.li/tSEqE
- 83โUnder-fire advocacy group ALEC works with Edelman,โ PR Week, May 10, 2012. Archived February 9, 2022. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/xJ2qt
- 84โUnder-fire advocacy group ALEC works with Edelman,โ PR Week, May 10, 2012. Archived February 9, 2022. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/xJ2qt
- 85Philip Radford. โTrimming astroturf from the American Petroleum Instituteโs Vote 4 Energy ad,โ Grist, January 10, 2012. Archived December 1, 2020. Archive URL: https://archive.li/WjbCD
- 86โFlickr photo album: API Astroturf,โ Greenpeace USA, January 4, 2012. Archived November 13, 2019. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 87Erin Quinn And Chris Young. โD.C. Influencers Spend More on Advertising and PR Than Lobbying,โ TIME, January 15, 2015. Archived March 3, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.li/6Y408
- 88โAmerican Petroleum Institute: Vote 4 Energy campaign,โ Blue Advertising. Archived May 2, 2020. Archive URL: https://archive.li/wSduX
- 89Public Relations Society of America. โ2010 Silver Anvil Finalists,โ PRSA.org Yumpu account, February 6, 2014. Archived August 17, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 90โ2009 Platinum PR Awards: Online Communications,โ PRNews, October 26, 2009. Archived August 18, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.li/hMQ88
- 91Adam Lowenstein. โThe worldโs biggest PR firm claims to be an expert on trust โ but is it?โ The Guardian, January 15, 2023. Archived January 19, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.li/pEE3n
- 92Jack Gerard. โCopy Of Email From American Petroleum Institute To Its Membership โ Obtained By Greenpeace โ August 2009,โ (PDF), Greenpeace, August 12, 2009. Archived June 19, 2021. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 93Kevin Grandia. โTexas and New Mexico โEnergy Citizensโ Events Are Really โEnergy Employeesโ Rallies,โ DeSmog, August 20, 2009.
- 94Brendan DeMelle. โLobbyists for Big Oil Organizing Most โGrassrootsโ โEnergy Citizensโ Rallies,โ DeSmog, August 24, 2009.
- 95Kevin Grandia. โTexas and New Mexico โEnergy Citizensโ Events Are Really โEnergy Employeesโ Rallies,โ DeSmog, August 20, 2009.
- 96โIRENA@UAE (gmmb),โ (PDF), Unkommon, c. August 2014. Archived January 19, 2023. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 97โOMB No. 1124-0002, Supplemental Statement Pursuant to Section 2 of the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended, For Six Month Period Ending March 31, 2009, Registrant Daniel J. Edelman, Inc., Registration No. 3657, p. 25,โ (PDF), U.S. Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Act. Retrieved from USDOJ FARA efile. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 98โOMB No. 1124-0002, Supplemental Statement Pursuant to Section 2 of the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended, For Six Month Period Ending March 31, 2009, Registrant Daniel J. Edelman, Inc., Registration No. 3657, received May 7, 2009, p. 108,โ U.S. Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Act. Retrieved from USDOJ FARA efile. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 99โOMB No. 1124-0002, Supplemental Statement Pursuant to Section 2 of the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended, For Six Month Period Ending March 31, 2009, Registrant Daniel J. Edelman, Inc., Registration No. 3657, received May 7, 2009, p. 90,โ (PDF), U.S. Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Act. Retrieved from USDOJ FARA efile. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 100(Press Release). โAbu Dhabi Department of Energy Issues โ2020 Annual Technical Report for the Water, Wastewater, and Electricity Sectors in the Emirate of Abu Dhabiโ Abu Dhabi Department of Energy, December 29, 2021. Archived January 26, 2022. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/EFraq
- 101โOMB No. 1124-0002, Supplemental Statement Pursuant to Section 2 of the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended, For Six Month Period Ending September 30, 2009, Registrant: Daniel J. Edelman, Inc., Registration No. 3657, received October 30, 2009,โ (PDF), U.S. Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Act. Retrieved from USDOJ FARA efile. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 102Edelman and Public Relations Society of America. โPublic Relations Society of America Records, 1938-2014: โIRENA@UAE: Realizing a renewable energy future for the Middle East,โ Masdar/Edelman and Boos and GMMB,โ Public Relations Society of America archives at the Wisconsin Historical Society, 2010.
- 103โOMB No. 1124-0002, Supplemental Statement Pursuant to Section 2 of the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended, For Six Month Period Ending March 31, 2009, Registrant Daniel J. Edelman, Inc., Registration No. 3657, received May 7, 2009, p. 20,โ (PDF), U.S. Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Act. Retrieved from USDOJ FARA efile. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 104Elisabeth Rosenthal. โGulf Oil States Seeking a Lead in Clean Energy,โ The New York Times, January 12, 2009. Archived October 7, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.is/V70Pa
- 105โOMB No. 1124-0002, Supplemental Statement Pursuant to Section 2 of the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended, For Six Month Period Ending March 31, 2009, Registrant Daniel J. Edelman, Inc., Registration No. 3657, received May 7, 2009, pp. 52, 73,โ (PDF), U.S. Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Act. Retrieved from USDOJ FARA efile. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 106โOMB No. 1124-0002, Supplemental Statement Pursuant to Secton 2 of the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended, For Six Month Period Ending March 31, 2009, Registrant Daniel J. Edelman, Inc., Registration No. 3657, received May 7, 2009, pp. 17, 51,โ (PDF), U.S. Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Act. Retrieved from USDOJ FARA efile. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 107โOMB No. 1124-0002, Supplemental Statement Pursuant to Secton 2 of the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended, For Six Month Period Ending March 31, 2009, Registrant Daniel J. Edelman, Inc., Registration No. 3657, received May 7, 2009,โ (PDF), U.S. Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Act. Retrieved from USDOJ FARA efile. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 108David Ivanovich. โEnergy ads beat up on the โ70s,โ Houston Chronicle, June 1, 2007. Archived December 5, 2022. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/urYaN
- 109Chris Baltimore. โBig Oil seeks to burnish U.S. image in 2007,โ Reuters, January 20, 2007. Archived August 17, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.li/Nlkdk
- 110โ2009 Platinum PR Awards: Online Communications,โ PRNews, October 26, 2009. Archived August 18, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.li/hMQ88
- 111โThe DJEH Family of Companiesโ Code of Conductโ DJE Holdings, October 2020. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 112โSTRATEGY1 โ MEDIA MONITOR INFOFLOW.DOC,โ June 13, 2000. Retrieved from the Truth Tobacco Industry Documents archive at the University of California, San Francisco library. Bates no. 5000967780-5000967784.
- 113โAgency Business Report 2022. Agency family tree,โ PRWeek. Archived image on file at DeSmog.
- 114โGLOBAL NETWORK,โ Edelman. Accessed February 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/YncNG