American Enterprise Institute (AEI)

Background

The American Enterprise Institute (AEI), or American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, is one of the richest and most influential think tanks in the U.S. having received significant funding from conservative foundations and large corporations. AEI’s areas of concern include foreign and domestic policy which includes the issue of global warming.¹

The American Enterprise Institute (AEI) describes itself as a “private, nonpartisan, not-for-profit institution dedicated to research and education on issues of government, politics, economics and social welfare,” with their primary research divisions being Economics, Foreign and Defense Policy, Politics and Public Opinion, Education, Health, Energy and the Environment and Society and Culture. They are a “community of scholars and supporters committed to expanding liberty, increasing individual opportunity and strengthening free enterprise.”²

While AEI states that “As a tax-exempt educational organization governed by Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code, AEI is generally prohibited from attempting to influence legislation in the U.S. Congress or other legislative bodies,” they also state that individual scholars and fellows “frequently do take positions on policy and other issues, including explicit advocacy for or against legislation currently being considered by the Congress.” However, AEI asserts that when they do, “they speak for themselves and not for AEI or its trustees or other scholars or employees.”³

Greenpeace’s ExxonSecrets described AEI as an avid opponent of the Kyoto protocol, as well as most other environmental regulations.⁴. AEI climate science skeptics have included James K. Glassman, also of ExxonMobil-funded Tech Central Station. ExxonMobil CEO Lee Raymond is a previous member of AEI’s board of trustees.⁵

American Enterprise Institute-Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory Studies

In 1998, AEI and the Brookings Institution established this joint venture with the purpose of studying federal regulatory policy. The Center would be directed by Robert Hahn of AEI and Robert Litan of the Brookings Institution. The Joint Center is no longer in operation, according to the Internet Archive of their website (as of 2009).⁶

The Joint Center distributed the following three key pamphlets related to their views on government regulation:⁷

An Agenda for Regulatory Reform by Robert W. Crandall et al.,
Benefit-Cost Analysis in Environmental, Health, and Safety Regulation by Kenneth J. Arrow et al., and
Improving Regulatory Accountability by Robert W. Hahn and Robert E. Litan.

According to an AEI newsletter, the Joint Center was created “In response to growing concerns about the effects of regulation on consumers, businesses, and government. […] Federal regulation—especially environmental, health, and safety regulation—has grown dramatically in recent decades, whether considered absolutely or as a relative share of the U.S. economy.⁸

Greenpeace’s ExxonSecrets project reports that the Joint Center has received at least $105,000 from ExxonMobil since 1998.⁹

Stance on Climate Change

July 21, 2015

According to Mark J. Perry, resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, “Hydraulic fracking causes environmental damage, greater use of shale gas will exacerbate climate change, and the natural gas carried by the pipelines is not intended for American consumers but rather will go to export markets. Each of these three claims is completely baseless.”¹⁰

February 5, 2014

The American Enterprise Institute’s head of energy studies, Benjamin Zycher, has suggested there is doubt about man-made climate change:¹¹

“The issue of the climate sensitivity of the atmosphere to increasing GHG concentrations is nowhere near resolution.”

“[T]ornado, hurricane, and cyclone activity are at historically low levels, wildfires are in a long-term decline except in government forests, there is no trend in sea-levels related to increases in GHG concentrations, the record of the Arctic ice cover is ambiguous, there is no drought trend since 1895, and the same is true for flooding over the last 85-127 years.”

Leading economist Jeffrey Sachs discusses Zycher’s claims in an article in the Huffington Post, titled “How the AEI Distorts the Climate Debate,” where he challenges the AEI “to come clean.” Sachs wrote:

The AEI, despite its roster of distinguished academics, has failed to be constructive in the climate debate. It’s time that the AEI puts forward a strategy to achieve the globally agreed objective of avoiding dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.¹²

September 2001

Christopher DeMuth, writing at “Energy Crunch,” an AEI publication, declared that “The Kyoto Treaty Deserved to Die”:¹³

“The key features of the climate change debate are large degrees of uncertainty and a long time horizon. Although it is fairly well-established that the Earth’s atmosphere has warmed somewhat (one degree Fahrenheit) during the past century, it’s not clear why this happened. The warming may have been due to human impositions (the burning of fossil fuels and other incidents of industrial growth), or to natural solar or climate variations, or to some of each. Whatever the causes, we don’t know if future warming trends will be large or small, or whether the net environmental and economic consequences (including both beneficial and harmful effects) may be large or small.”

Funding

The AEI was sixth on a list of organizations that received the highest climate skeptic funding between 2011 and 2013, reaching $5.7 million in total, The Guardian reports in their article titled “Secretive donors gave US climate denial groups $125m over three years” that examines money flows from DonorsTrust and Donors Capital Fund.¹⁴

Below is a summary of data compiled from the Conservative Transparency database for “The American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research”:¹⁵

See the attached spreadsheet for additional information on American Enterprise Institute funding by year (.xlsx).

AEI as Donor

AEI as Recipient

ExxonMobil Funding

According to ExxonSecrets, AEI received $3,615,000 from ExxonMobil since 1998.¹⁶

Koch Funding

According to data collected by Greenpeace USA, the American Enterprise Institute has received $2,171,121 in combined donations from Koch-related foundations between 2004 and 2017 (that does not include $750,000 to the Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory studies):¹⁷

990 Forms

Key People

Officers

Board of Trustees

AEI is governed by a Board of Trustees, composed of “leading business and financial executives”. AEI’s past Board of Trustees has included representatives from major corporations, including Lee R. Raymond (the Chairman and CEO of Exxon Mobil Corporation) who once served as “vice chairman” at AEI.¹⁸

Council of Academic Advisers

According to the AEI website, its Council of Academic Advisers is “chaired by Yale Law School Professor George L. Priest and including distinguished academics from a variety of policy-related fields, advises AEI’s president on the Institute’s research agenda, publications, and appointments, and each year selects the recipient of the Irving Kristol Award.”¹⁹

National Council

According to AEI, “Members of AEI’s National Council are business and community leaders from all over the country who are committed to the values and success of the Institute. They are ambassadors for AEI and provide us with advice, insight, and guidance as we look to reach out to new friends around the country.”²⁰

Scholars

Actions

May 18, 2021

AEI resident scholar Paul H. Kupiec wrote an op-ed at The Hill claiming “Central banks’ misguided plan to become climate warriors is doomed to fail.”²¹

In the article, Kupiec discusses The Central Banks and Supervisors Network for Greening the Financial System (NGFS).

“The NGFS is committed to the belief that climate change and environmental risks endanger the safety and soundness of the financial system in the guise of floods from rising sea level, greater storm intensity, wildfires, and other real or imagined environmental plagues, like ‘air pollution, water pollution and scarcity of fresh water, land contamination, reduced biodiversity and deforestation’,” he wrote.

Kupiec predicts “environmentally sustainable financial policies will experience a similar cycle of failure and revision” to efforts to maintain monetary stability. He concludes: “will the NGFS successfully create a new form of ‘transitional risk’ linked to climate-change fanaticism? Time will tell.”

DeSmog investigations found that many of the directors at the world’s largest banks have affiliations to polluting companies and organizations such as oil, gas, and coal extracting industries.²² In 2020, DeSmog also covered how a report from the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) had found future climate disasters had the potential to bring down the global financial system.²³

September 17, 2018

UK Treasury minister Liz Truss met with representatives from the AEI during a visit to Washington DC, Greenpeace’s investigative unit, Unearthed, found. The taxpayer-funded trip also included meetings with the Cato Institute, the American Legislative Exchange Council, Americans for Tax Reform, and the Heritage Foundation.²⁴

April 17, 2018

AEI hosted an event titled “What did they know, and when did they know it? The municipal climate litigation, the fossil-fuel industry, and the municipal bond market” to discuss the ongoing legal actions as cities and municipalities sue large oil companies for damage caused by fossil fuels. Climate change denier Patrick Michaels was featured on the panel, using his time to criticize the reliability of climate models. See video below:²⁵

February 22 – 25, 2017

The AEI was a Participating Sponsor of the 2017 Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC), among a range of other conservative and pro-industry groups.²⁶

June 2016

The American Enterprise Institute was among organizations named in a Massachusetts subpoena looking for communications between ExxonMobil and organizations denying climate change, reports The Washington Times.²⁷

Organizations named in the Massachusetts subpoena include the following:

The Centre for Industrial Progress
The Acton Institute for the Study of Religion and Liberty
The American Enterprise Institute
Americans for Prosperity
The American Legislative Exchange Council
The American Petroleum Institute
The Beacon Hill Institute at Suffolk University
The George C. Marshall Institute
The Heartland Institute
Mercatus Center at George Mason University

This latest inquiry by Massachusetts Attorney General Maura Healey is one in a series of investigations into what ExxonMobil knew about climate change and when, started by a coalition of attorneys general in the US.²⁸

June 2015

Sheldon Whitehouse of Rhode Island and Brian Schatz of Hawaii visited the AEI to discuss a proposal to curb greenhouse gas emissions by taxing them. AEI’s head of energy studies, Benjamin Zycher, argued that the carbon tax would have minimal benefit.

As reported by the AEI, “Zycher argued against the senators’ carbon tax plan, arguing that their emphasis on global benefits led to flawed measurement of the social cost of carbon emissions, that the impact on temperatures would be minimal, and that the rest of the world would have an incentive to free-ride at the expense of the US.”²⁹

Chad Stone, chief economist at the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, commented that Zycher’s view was “based on a very skeptical reading of the scientific evidence on global warming and a worldview in which, with rare exceptions like national defense, government activities are almost always rooted in special-interest politics and almost always destructive. That position won’t likely change, and it doesn’t make adherents receptive to a carbon tax of any kind.”³⁰

April 21, 2015

The AEI’s Scholar Mark J. Perry comments on “18 examples of the spectacularly wrong predictions made around 1970 when the ‘green holy day’ (aka Earth Day) started.” With reference to issues like climate change, Perry comments that the “hype, hysteria and spectacularly wrong apocalyptic predictions will continue, promoted by the ‘environmental grievance hustlers’.”³¹

November 18, 2014

Media Matters reports how Fox News “provided AEI fellow Jonah Goldberg a platform to attack climate scientists as profiteers who are “financially incentivized” to advocate climate change action, without disclosing AEI’s own financial incentive to undercut action on climate change.”³²

Goldberg appeared on the November 18 edition of Your World with Neil Cavuto where you argued that mainstream climate scientists have a conflict of interest because they are “deeply invested in the whole industry of global warming” for university program funding. View the video below.

August 2011

AEI President Arthur C. Brooks spoke at a “Leadership Dinner” sponsored by Reynolds American at the 38th Annual Meeting of the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC).³³

Learn more about the American Legislative Exchange Council at the Center for Media and Democracy’s ALECexposed.org.

February 2007

In February 2007, The Guardian (UK) reported that AEI was offering scientists and economists $10,000 each, “to undermine a major climate change report” from the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

AEI asked for “articles that emphasize the shortcomings” of the IPCC report. AEI visiting scholar Kenneth Green made the $10,000 offer “to scientists in Britain, the US and elsewhere,” in a letter describing the IPCC as “resistant to reasonable criticism and dissent.”³⁴

July 5, 2006

DeSmog reported that AEI was searching for scientists willing to review the Fourth Assessment Review (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.³⁵

According to AEI’s letter, they were looking for someone to “thoughtfully explores the limitations of climate model outputs as they pertain to the development of climate policy.” (emphasis added.)³⁶

“AEI will offer an honoraria of $10,000” the letter concluded, setting the deadline of December 15, 2007. The letter listed Ken Green as a contact, and was co-signed by Steven F. Hayward and Kenneth Green.³⁷

The Guardian reported on the AEI study here.³⁸ Hayward and Green responded in an article at The Weekly Standard where they described The Guardian’s reporting as “a journalistic hit piece.” They claimed that “[e]very claim in the story was false or grossly distorted.”³⁹

“Our offer of an honorarium of up to $10,000 to busy scientists to review several thousand pages of material and write an original analysis in the range of 7,500 to 10,000 words is entirely in line with honoraria AEI and similar organizations pay to distinguished economists and legal scholars for commissioned work,” they wrote.⁴⁰

“The climate inquisition is eliminating any space for sensible criticism of the climate science process or moderate deliberation about policy,” they concluded.⁴¹

June 2003

AEI and the Federalist Society launched a project and website called NGOWatch to monitor nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), especially those involved in foreign policy and international relations.⁴²

Later reorganized and renamed Global Government Watch, the initiative was initially launched at an AEI conference entitled “NGOs: The Growing Power of an Unelected Few,” which was cosponsored by the right-wing Australian think-tank Institute of Public Affairs.⁴³

According to the conference organizers, “NGOs have created their own rules and regulations and demanded that governments and corporations abide by those rules.”

August 2, 2002

AEI wrote to President Bush discouraging him from attending the UN Summit on Sustainable Development. Bush did not attend.⁴⁴

AEI Contact & Location

As of June 2016, the American Enterprise Institute (AEI) listed the following contact information on their website:⁴⁵

American Enterprise Institute
1150 Seventeenth Street, NW
Washington, DC 20036
Main telephone: 202.862.5800
Main fax: 202.862.7177

NGOWatch.org — In 2011, Global Governance Watch® described itself as “a collaborative project of the American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research and the Federalist Society for Law and Public Policy Studies.”⁴⁶ Their current website no longer lists their connection to the American Enterprise Institute.⁴⁷
Mont Pelerin Society — Member⁴⁸

@AEI on Twitter.
“American Enterprise Institute” on Facebook
“American Enterprise Institute” on LinkedIn.

Other Resources

“American Enterprise Institute,” RightWeb. Last updated January 20, 2009.
“American Enterprise Institute (AEI) – Koch Industries Climate Denial Front Group,” Greenpeace USA.
“American Enterprise Institute,” SourceWatch Profile.
“American Enterprise Institute,” WikiPedia entry.

Resources

1
“Factsheet: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research,” ExxonSecrets. Archived September 7, 2012. Original URL.
2
“About,” American Enterprise Institute. Archived August 20, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/9aixA
3
“About,” American Enterprise Institute. Archived August 20, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/9aixA
4
“Factsheet: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research,” ExxonSecrets. Archived September 7, 2012. Original URL
5
“Board of Trustees,” AEI. Archived April 21, 2003. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/MNqXW
6
Snapshot of http://www.aei-brookings.org/index2.html at Web.archive.org, March 4, 2009. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/J9Qcb
7
“About Us,” AEI-Brookings Joint Center. Archived February 9, 2007. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/TxNiq
8
“The AEI-Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory Studies,” American Enterprise Institute, November 1, 1998. Archived May 18, 2016. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/tLY5r
9
“Factsheet: American Enterprise Institute-Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory Studies,” ExxonSecrets. Archived March 31, 2016. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/Kszgx
10
Michael J. Perry. “Nonsensical ‘fractivist’ pipeline hysteria,” The Washington Times, July 21, 2015. Archived August 20, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/8Hkcv
11
Benjamin Zycher. “The Fact-free Opposition to Keystone XL,” The American Enterprise Institute, February 5, 2014. Archived August 20, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/BLmIi
12
Jeffrey Sachs. “How the AEI Distorts the Climate Debate,” Huffington Post, February 8, 2014. Archived August 20, 2015.
13
“The Kyoto Treaty Deserved to Die,” The American Enterprise Online. Archived June 5, 2008. Originally published in Energy Crunch, September 2001.
14
Suzanne Goldenberg and Helena Bengtsson. “Secretive donors gave US climate denial groups $125m over three years,” The Guardian, June 9, 2015. Archived August 20, 2015.
15
“American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research,” Conservative Transparency. Data retrieved June 29, 2016.
16
“Factsheet: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research,” ExxonSecrets. Archived September 7, 2012. Original URL.
17
“American Enterprise Institute (AEI): Koch Industries Climate Denial Front Group,” Greenpeace USA. Archived March 14, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/4ziLv
18
“Board of Trustees,” AEI. Archived April 21, 2003. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/MNqXW
19
“Council of Academic Advisers,” American Enterprise Institute. Archived August 20, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/ZEwN2
20
“National Council,” American Enterprise Institute. Archived August 20, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/2MvP7
21
Paul Kupiec. “Central banks’ misguided plan to become climate warriors is doomed to fail,” The Hill, May 18, 2021. Archived May 21, 2021. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/AHP4g
22
Phoebe Cooke, Rachel Sherrington and Mat Hope. “Revealed: The Climate-Conflicted Directors Leading the World’s Top Banks,” DeSmog, April 6, 2021.
23
Nick Cunningham. “‘Uninsurable and Unhedgeable’: Central Banks Warn of Financial Crisis from Climate Change,” DeSmog, January 31, 2020.
24
Lawrence Carter. “Liz Truss met with ‘dark money’ think tanks during taxpayer funded trip to Washington DC,” Unearthed, December 19, 2018. Archived December 22, 2018. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.fo/onRDJ
25
“What did they know, and when did they know it? The municipal climate litigation, the fossil-fuel industry, and the municipal bond market,” American Enterprise Institute, April 17, 2018. Archived April 23, 2018. Archive.is URL: https://archive.li/wvcBP
26
“CPAC 2017 Sponsors,” cpac.conservative.org. Archived March 6, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/SKFRU
27
Valerie Richardson. “Exxon fights Mass. AG’s ‘political’ probe into climate change dissent,” The Washington Times, June 15, 2016. Archived June 24, 2016. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/FYZix
28
Ben Jervey. “State Investigations Into What Exxon Knew Double, and Exxon Gets Defensive,” Desmog, April 1, 2016.
29
“To tax or not to tax: Senators Sheldon Whitehouse and Brian Schatz present their American Opportunity Carbon Fee Act,” American Enterprise Institute, June 10, 2015. Archived August 20, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/yzQJ1
30
Chad Stone. “Will Republicans Ever Buy a Carbon Tax?” USNews.com, June 12, 2015. Archived August 20, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/HXNQg
31
Mark J. Perry. “18 spectacularly wrong apocalyptic predictions made around the time of the first Earth Day in 1970, expect more this year,” American Enterprise Institute, April 21, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/GCpLd
32
Libby Watson. “On Fox, Pundit From Oil-Funded Group Says Climate Scientists Are The Profiteers,” Media Matters for America, November 18, 2014. Archived August 20, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/0JH2K
33
“Hundreds of State Legislators Gather to Discuss Policy Solutions Promoting Economic Growth and Limited Government,” ALEC, August 3, 2011. Archived January 11, 2012. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/vAlvz
34
Ian Sample. “Scientists offered cash to dispute climate study,” The Guardian, February 2, 2007. Archived August 20, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/NCjLI
35
Richard Littlemore. “AEI Seeks Scientists for Sale: $10,000 to First Taker,” DeSmog, November 9, 2006.
36
“Dear Prof. Schroeder:” (PDF), American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, July 5, 2006. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
37
“Dear Prof. Schroeder:” (PDF), American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, July 5, 2006. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
38
Ian Sample. “Scientists offered cash to dispute climate study,” The Guardian, February 2, 2007. Archived February 18, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/6jm6M
39
Kenneth P. Green and Steven F. Hayward. “Scenes from the Climate Inquisition,” The Weekly Standard, Vol. 12, No. 22 (February 19, 2007). Archived June 3, 2012. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/LQqCm
40
Kenneth P. Green and Steven F. Hayward. “Scenes from the Climate Inquisition,” The Weekly Standard, Vol. 12, No. 22 (February 19, 2007). Archived June 3, 2012. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/LQqCm
41
Kenneth P. Green and Steven F. Hayward. “Scenes from the Climate Inquisition,” The Weekly Standard, Vol. 12, No. 22 (February 19, 2007). Archived June 3, 2012. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/LQqCm
42
Jim Lobe, “Bringing the War Home: Right Wing Think Tank Turns Wrath on NGOs,” Foreign Policy In Focus, June 13, 2003. Archived August 20, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/TShPS
43
“We’re Not from the Government, but We’re Here to Help You,” American Enterprise Institute, June 11, 2003. Archived Dec 6, 2021. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/tWema
44
(Press Release) “Africa: Corporate-funded Lobbyists Aimed to Sabotage Johannesburg Summit,” AllAfrica.com, August 19, 2002. Archived August 20, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/Jhqsd
45
“Contact,” American Enterprise Institute. Archived June 29, 2016. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/jU3D7
46
“About Global Governance Watch®,” Global Governance Watch. Archived January, 2011. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/rZn8p
47
“About Global Governance Watch®,” Global Governance Watch. Archived August 20, 2011. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/GTnmt
48
Graham Readfearn. “Exclusive: Mont Pelerin Society Revealed As Home To Leading Pushers Of Climate Science Denial,” DeSmog, January 14, 2014.

1
“Factsheet: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research,” ExxonSecrets. Archived September 7, 2012. Original URL.
2
“About,” American Enterprise Institute. Archived August 20, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/9aixA
3
“About,” American Enterprise Institute. Archived August 20, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/9aixA
4
“Factsheet: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research,” ExxonSecrets. Archived September 7, 2012. Original URL
5
“Board of Trustees,” AEI. Archived April 21, 2003. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/MNqXW
6
Snapshot of http://www.aei-brookings.org/index2.html at Web.archive.org, March 4, 2009. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/J9Qcb
7
“About Us,” AEI-Brookings Joint Center. Archived February 9, 2007. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/TxNiq
8
“The AEI-Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory Studies,” American Enterprise Institute, November 1, 1998. Archived May 18, 2016. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/tLY5r
9
“Factsheet: American Enterprise Institute-Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory Studies,” ExxonSecrets. Archived March 31, 2016. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/Kszgx
10
Michael J. Perry. “Nonsensical ‘fractivist’ pipeline hysteria,” The Washington Times, July 21, 2015. Archived August 20, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/8Hkcv
11
Benjamin Zycher. “The Fact-free Opposition to Keystone XL,” The American Enterprise Institute, February 5, 2014. Archived August 20, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/BLmIi
12
Jeffrey Sachs. “How the AEI Distorts the Climate Debate,” Huffington Post, February 8, 2014. Archived August 20, 2015.
13
“The Kyoto Treaty Deserved to Die,” The American Enterprise Online. Archived June 5, 2008. Originally published in Energy Crunch, September 2001.
14
Suzanne Goldenberg and Helena Bengtsson. “Secretive donors gave US climate denial groups $125m over three years,” The Guardian, June 9, 2015. Archived August 20, 2015.
15
“American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research,” Conservative Transparency. Data retrieved June 29, 2016.
16
“Factsheet: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research,” ExxonSecrets. Archived September 7, 2012. Original URL.
17
“American Enterprise Institute (AEI): Koch Industries Climate Denial Front Group,” Greenpeace USA. Archived March 14, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/4ziLv
18
“Board of Trustees,” AEI. Archived April 21, 2003. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/MNqXW
19
“Council of Academic Advisers,” American Enterprise Institute. Archived August 20, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/ZEwN2
20
“National Council,” American Enterprise Institute. Archived August 20, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/2MvP7
21
Paul Kupiec. “Central banks’ misguided plan to become climate warriors is doomed to fail,” The Hill, May 18, 2021. Archived May 21, 2021. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/AHP4g
22
Phoebe Cooke, Rachel Sherrington and Mat Hope. “Revealed: The Climate-Conflicted Directors Leading the World’s Top Banks,” DeSmog, April 6, 2021.
23
Nick Cunningham. “‘Uninsurable and Unhedgeable’: Central Banks Warn of Financial Crisis from Climate Change,” DeSmog, January 31, 2020.
24
Lawrence Carter. “Liz Truss met with ‘dark money’ think tanks during taxpayer funded trip to Washington DC,” Unearthed, December 19, 2018. Archived December 22, 2018. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.fo/onRDJ
25
“What did they know, and when did they know it? The municipal climate litigation, the fossil-fuel industry, and the municipal bond market,” American Enterprise Institute, April 17, 2018. Archived April 23, 2018. Archive.is URL: https://archive.li/wvcBP
26
“CPAC 2017 Sponsors,” cpac.conservative.org. Archived March 6, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/SKFRU
27
Valerie Richardson. “Exxon fights Mass. AG’s ‘political’ probe into climate change dissent,” The Washington Times, June 15, 2016. Archived June 24, 2016. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/FYZix
28
Ben Jervey. “State Investigations Into What Exxon Knew Double, and Exxon Gets Defensive,” Desmog, April 1, 2016.
29
“To tax or not to tax: Senators Sheldon Whitehouse and Brian Schatz present their American Opportunity Carbon Fee Act,” American Enterprise Institute, June 10, 2015. Archived August 20, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/yzQJ1
30
Chad Stone. “Will Republicans Ever Buy a Carbon Tax?” USNews.com, June 12, 2015. Archived August 20, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/HXNQg
31
Mark J. Perry. “18 spectacularly wrong apocalyptic predictions made around the time of the first Earth Day in 1970, expect more this year,” American Enterprise Institute, April 21, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/GCpLd
32
Libby Watson. “On Fox, Pundit From Oil-Funded Group Says Climate Scientists Are The Profiteers,” Media Matters for America, November 18, 2014. Archived August 20, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/0JH2K
33
“Hundreds of State Legislators Gather to Discuss Policy Solutions Promoting Economic Growth and Limited Government,” ALEC, August 3, 2011. Archived January 11, 2012. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/vAlvz
34
Ian Sample. “Scientists offered cash to dispute climate study,” The Guardian, February 2, 2007. Archived August 20, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/NCjLI
35
Richard Littlemore. “AEI Seeks Scientists for Sale: $10,000 to First Taker,” DeSmog, November 9, 2006.
36
“Dear Prof. Schroeder:” (PDF), American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, July 5, 2006. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
37
“Dear Prof. Schroeder:” (PDF), American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, July 5, 2006. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
38
Ian Sample. “Scientists offered cash to dispute climate study,” The Guardian, February 2, 2007. Archived February 18, 2017. Archive.is URL: https://archive.is/6jm6M
39
Kenneth P. Green and Steven F. Hayward. “Scenes from the Climate Inquisition,” The Weekly Standard, Vol. 12, No. 22 (February 19, 2007). Archived June 3, 2012. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/LQqCm
40
Kenneth P. Green and Steven F. Hayward. “Scenes from the Climate Inquisition,” The Weekly Standard, Vol. 12, No. 22 (February 19, 2007). Archived June 3, 2012. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/LQqCm
41
Kenneth P. Green and Steven F. Hayward. “Scenes from the Climate Inquisition,” The Weekly Standard, Vol. 12, No. 22 (February 19, 2007). Archived June 3, 2012. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/LQqCm
42
Jim Lobe, “Bringing the War Home: Right Wing Think Tank Turns Wrath on NGOs,” Foreign Policy In Focus, June 13, 2003. Archived August 20, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/TShPS
43
“We’re Not from the Government, but We’re Here to Help You,” American Enterprise Institute, June 11, 2003. Archived Dec 6, 2021. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/tWema
44
(Press Release) “Africa: Corporate-funded Lobbyists Aimed to Sabotage Johannesburg Summit,” AllAfrica.com, August 19, 2002. Archived August 20, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/Jhqsd
45
“Contact,” American Enterprise Institute. Archived June 29, 2016. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/jU3D7
46
“About Global Governance Watch®,” Global Governance Watch. Archived January, 2011. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/rZn8p
47
“About Global Governance Watch®,” Global Governance Watch. Archived August 20, 2011. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/GTnmt
48
Graham Readfearn. “Exclusive: Mont Pelerin Society Revealed As Home To Leading Pushers Of Climate Science Denial,” DeSmog, January 14, 2014.

DeSmog

DeSmog