Media Research Center
Background
The Media Research Center (MRC) was founded in 1987 by L. Brent Bozell. The MRC is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that describes itself as “the nation’s premier media watchdog” with its mission to “to expose and neutralize the propaganda arm of the Left: the national news media.”1“To Create a Media Culture in America Where Truth and Liberty Flourish,” Media Research Center. Archived January 19, 2016. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/qc4rY
According to founder Brent Bozell, the MRC’s mission is to “bring balance and responsibility to the news media by documenting and exposing liberal media bias.”2“Another Nail In The Liberal Media’s Coffin,” Media Research Center, October 25, 2012. Archived December 30, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/SYnTp
The MRC and its subsidiary, the Business & Media Institute (BMI),3“Business & Media Institute,” Business and Media Institute, Archived February 16, 2008. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog. have opposed mainstream science behind climate change (featuring climate change deniers in their news coverage, for example)4“About the Business and Media Institute,” Media Research Center Network. Archived December 30, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/b21af. The BMI website, businessandmedia.org, was not online as of December, 2015.5Sean Long. “Joe Bastardi: Media Just ‘Want to Be Popular’ on Climate Change,” MRC Business, July 21, 2014. Archived December 30, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/AkXuy
The MRC’s other projects have included CNSNews.com, the NewsBusters blog, TimesWatch, the Culture and Media Institute, and the MRC Action Team. The Cybercast News Service (CNSNews.com) is a conservative news website that claims to put a “higher premium on balance than spin.”6“About Us,” CNSNews.com. Archived December 30, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/uOVmJ 7“Media Research Center,” SourceWatch.
The Parents Television Council, founded in 1995, also started as a MRC project, however split off in 2000 to become a separate entity. Brent Bozell resigned as president of the Parents Television Council in 2006.8(Press Release). “PTC President Bozell Announces Decision to Step Down and Welcomes Tim Winter as New President,” ParentsTv.org. Archived February 26, 2008. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/1KSQW
Stance on Climate Change
The Media Research Center has listed global warming as a “Media Myth,” suggesting that global cooling may be the issue:9Julia A. Seymour. “Media Myth: Networks Stick to Warming Theme Despite Avalanche of Chilling News,” MRC Business, March 4, 2009. Archived January 19, 2016. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/T9wHJ
“Reality is not cooperating with the network news’ global warming theme, yet reporters are unwilling to even discuss the possibility that the Earth is cooling.
Global warming alarmists repeatedly link weather phenomena like tornadoes, hurricanes, ice melt, droughts and wildfires with global warming and the media embrace the stories. Yet, when cities or regions are buried in snow like the city of Chenzhou, China was in February 2008 there wasn’t a word about climate change in the cooling direction,” Julia A. Seymour, Assistant Managing Editor for MRC Business writes.
In the above article, MRC cites a long list of well-known climate change skeptics to back up that claim. Those skeptics include the following:10Julia A. Seymour. “Media Myth: Networks Stick to Warming Theme Despite Avalanche of Chilling News,” MRC Business, March 4, 2009. Archived January 19, 2016. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/T9wHJ
Other sources they mention include:
- Kyle Swanson — University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
- Brit Hum — Fox News anchor
Comments Surrounding 2021 Capitol Insurrection
The Media Research Center was among dozens of the individuals and organizations profiled in DeSmog’s Disinformation Database who posted online or gave interviews about the events surrounding the Jan. 6, 2021 Capitol insurrection. Some posted claims of election fraud, similar to those that drove the Stop the Steal rally on Jan. 6. Some circulated dubious information about the insurrection itself. DeSmog has preserved a selection of notable posts related to the events of Jan. 6, 2021, including some that were later deleted or removed.
The Media Research Center also posted retweeted a message from @BrentBozell on Jan. 6, 2021, in the wake of the failed Capitol insurrection.
Funding
Scaife Funding
According to publicly available 990 forms, the MRC has received over $4.5 million from the oil money-backed Scaife Family Foundations (breakdown below).11“Scaife Family Foundations,” DeSmog.
Year | Sarah Scaife Foundation | Allegheny Foundation | Grand Total |
2001 | $242,000 | $242,000 | |
2002 | $150,000 | $150,000 | |
2003 | $350,000 | $350,000 | |
2004 | $350,000 | $350,000 | |
2005 | $350,000 | $350,000 | |
2006 | $200,000 | $200,000 | |
2008 | $325,000 | $325,000 | |
2009 | $250,000 | $250,000 | |
2010 | $250,000 | $250,000 | |
2011 | $300,000 | $50,000 | $350,000 |
2012 | $400,000 | $400,000 | |
2013 | $400,000 | $400,000 | |
2014 | $300,000 | $300,000 | |
2015 | $300,000 | $300,000 | |
2016 | $300,000 | $300,000 | |
Grand Total | $4,467,000 | $50,000 | $4,517,000 |
Mercer Funding
According to data from publicly available 990s and the Conservative Transparency Project, the Mercer Family Foundation has given at least $20,466,420 to MRC between 2008 and 2017:12“Media Research Center,” Conservative Transparency. Accessed January 19, 2016. Data on file at DeSmog.
Year | Total |
2008 | $500,000 |
2009 | $1,000,000 |
2010 | $1,194,000 |
2011 | $1,800,000 |
2012 | $3,000,000 |
2013 | $2,972,420 |
2014 | $3,000,000 |
2015 | $3,000,000 |
2016 | $2,000,000 |
2017 | $2,000,000 |
Grand Total | $20,466,420 |
All Funders
Below is a breakdown by the Conservative Transparency Project combined with data collected from public 990 tax forms. Note that not all funding values have been verified by DeSmog.13“Media Research Center,” Conservative Transparency. Accessed January 19, 2016. Data on file at DeSmog.
View the attached spreadsheet for details on Media Research Center funding by year (.xlsx).
Donor | Total |
Mercer Family Foundation | $20,466,420 |
Sarah Scaife Foundation | $4,467,000 |
The Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation | $2,650,000 |
Ed Uihlein Family Foundation | $2,120,000 |
DeVos Urban Leadership Initiative | $2,100,000 |
*DonorsTrust | $1,895,670 |
Schwab Charitable Fund | $1,623,745 |
Hickory Foundation | $1,100,000 |
John Templeton Foundation | $1,055,000 |
Bradley Impact Fund | $800,000 |
Diana Davis Spencer Foundation | $768,000 |
Dorothy D. and Joseph A. Moller Foundation | $721,725 |
Thewes Family Foundation | $507,000 |
Joe R Lee Family Foundation | $500,000 |
*Donors Capital Fund | $456,520 |
William H Donner Foundation | $434,746 |
Armstrong Foundation | $420,000 |
Edgar and Elsa Prince Foundation | $407,500 |
Exxon Mobil | $362,500 |
F.M. Kirby Foundation | $280,000 |
National Christian Charitable Foundation | $268,300 |
Castle Rock Foundation | $225,000 |
Adolph Coors Foundation | $220,000 |
National Philanthropic Trust | $202,000 |
Dodge Jones Foundation | $182,500 |
Charles and Ann Johnson Foundation | $162,301 |
The McWethy Foundation | $156,500 |
Robert S. and Star Pepper Foundation | $130,000 |
Leadership Institute | $92,818 |
The Shelby Cullom Davis Foundation | $70,000 |
The TWS Foundation | $70,000 |
JM Foundation | $60,000 |
John M. Olin Foundation | $60,000 |
The Whitcomb Charitable Foundation | $50,500 |
Allegheny Foundation | $50,000 |
Kickapoo Springs Foundation | $37,500 |
The Roe Foundation | $34,000 |
PG Beil Foundation | $33,000 |
Deramus Foundation | $30,000 |
Charles Maxfield Parrish and Gloria F Parrish Foundation | $30,000 |
Same Line Foundation | $30,000 |
The Randolph Foundation | $25,000 |
Barney Family Foundation | $25,000 |
Marcus Foundation | $25,000 |
Claude R Lambe Charitable Foundation | $14,030 |
The Hamlin Family Foundation | $13,500 |
American Values | $10,500 |
Holman Foundation | $10,000 |
Thomas W Smith Foundation | $10,000 |
Albert and Ethel Herzstein Charitable Foundation | $10,000 |
Family Research Council | $7,500 |
Arthur N. Rupe Foundation | $7,000 |
Patrick Henry Center for Individual Liberty | $5,000 |
Eric Javits Family Foundation | $4,450 |
Richard Seth Staley Educational Foundation | $4,300 |
Robert and Marie Hansen Family Foundation | $3,750 |
John P and Kathryn G Evans Foundation | $3,100 |
True Foundation | $2,800 |
Joyce and Donald Rumsfeld Foundation | $2,500 |
Wodecroft Foundation | $2,000 |
Dunn’s Foundation for the Advancement of Right Thinking | $2,000 |
Gilder Foundation | $2,000 |
Chiavacci Family Foundation | $2,000 |
Orville D & Ruth Merillat Foundation | $1,000 |
The Gordon and Mary Cain Foundation | $1,000 |
The Vernon K. Krieble Foundation | $1,000 |
Charles G. Koch Charitable Foundation | $975 |
The Howell Foundation | $400 |
The A William and Eileen Pratt Foundation | $70 |
Grand Total | $45,526,120 |
*Donors Trust (DT) and its sister organization, Donors Capital Fund (DCF) have been described as the “dark money ATM” of the conservative movement, and are known for concealing the original donor information of conservative groups.14Andy Kroll. “Exposed: The Dark-Money ATM of the Conservative Movement,” Mother Jones, February 5, 2013. Archived July 24, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/cNiyF
ExxonMobil Funding
According to Greenpeace’s ExxonSecrets project, the Media Research Center also received at least $412,500 from ExxonMobil since 1998.15“FACTSHEET: MEDIA RESEARCH CENTER, MRC,” ExxonSecrets. Archived March 31, 2017.
Other Funders
The Media Research Center lists funders in their annual reports.
Below are some notable corporate and foundations who have funded MRC (listed in the MRC annual reports). View attached .xls spreadsheet for a complete list of funders.
- Altria Corporate Services Inc (Phillip Morris Tobacco)
- American Spectator
- American Target Advertising Inc
- American Values
- Anschutz Foundation
- Capital Research Center
- Castle Rock Foundation
- Charles G Koch Charitable Foundation
- Coldspring Granite Co
- Contran Corporation
- Creative Response Concepts
- Darden Restaurants Inc
- Dezenhall Resources
- DonorsTrust
- Eagle Publishing
- Eberle Associates Inc
- Exxon Mobil Corporation
- Family Research Council
- Grassfire Net
- Gun Owners Foundation
- Harris Media LLC
- Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation
- Heritage Foundation
- John Templeton Foundation
- Let Freedom Ring
- Milliken Foundation
- National Center for Public Policy Research
- National Organization for Marriage
- National Right to Work Foundation
- Patrick Henry Center for Individual Liberty
- Phillips International
- Phillips Publishing International Inc
- Richard and Helen DeVos Foundation
- Roe Foundation
- Sarah Scaife Foundation
- Shirley and Banister Public Affairs
- State Policy Network
- Susan B Anthony List
- Symbolic Systems Inc
- Tea Party Patriots
- The American Center for Law and Justice Inc
- The Anschutz Foundation
- The Community Foundation
- The Edgar and Elsa Prince Foundation
- The Fund for American Studies
- The JM Foundation
- The John Templeton Foundation
- The Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation Inc
- The National Christian Foundation
- The Richard and Helen DeVos Foundation
- The Richard Norman Company
- The Roe Foundation
- The Shelby Cullom Davis Foundation
- The Washington Times
- The William H Donner Foundation
- Valis Associates
- Visa USA
- Wal-Mart
- Washington Times
- William H Donner Foundation
- Young America’s Foundation
990 Forms
Annual Reports
Address & Contact Information
As of May 28 2016, the Media Research Center listed its contact information as follows:16“Contact,” Media Research Center. Archived May 28, 2016. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/XIIBN
Media Research Center
1900 Campus Commons Drive, Suite 600
Reston, VA 20191
Phone (local): (571) 267-3500
Phone (toll-free): (800) 672-1423
Fax: (571) 357-0099
Key People
Actions
February 2022
MRC launched an initiative titled CensorTrack to monitor what The Daily Caller described as “acts of censorship across online platforms.” The Daily Caller claimed the project had tracked flags of Covid misinformation including the Great Barrington Declaration, as censorship.17Ailan Evans. “EXCLUSIVE: Big Tech Censored Dozens Of Doctors, Over 800 Accounts For COVID-19 ‘Misinformation,’ Study Shows,” The Daily Caller, February 9, 2022. Archived April 25, 2022. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/TouUp
“Big Tech set up a system where you can’t disagree with ‘the science’ even though that’s the foundation of the scientific method,” MRC’s Dan Gainor told The Daily Caller. “If doctors and academic journals can’t debate publicly, then it’s not science at all. It’s religion.”
“We tallied 32 different doctors who were censored, including mRNA vaccine innovator Dr. Robert Malone,” Gainor said. “Censoring views of credentialed experts doesn’t ensure confidence in vaccines, it undermines faith in government COVID-19 strategies.“
Some of the issues CensorTrack tracks included “Pro-Life,” “LGBTQ Issues,” and “Hate Speech” among others.
March 23, 2020
As reported at DeSmog,18Dana Drugmand. “Under Cover of Pandemic, Fossil Fuel Interests Unleash Lobbying Frenzy,” DeSmog, April 2, 2020. Life:Powered sent a letter to Congress critical of the COVID-19 stimulus package for including “tax incentives and spending for unreliable ‘green’ energy
programs.”19Coronavirus Stimulus Letter, Life:Powered, March 23, 2020. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
The letter, to which the Media Research Center is a signatory, concludes:20Coronavirus Stimulus Letter, Life:Powered, March 23, 2020. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
“This is no time for political games. Climate change is not an immediate threat to humanity. Climate-related deaths have declined 98.9% in the last century, and humanity is growing more and more resilient thanks to the availability of affordable, reliable energy. On behalf of all Americans, we urge you to oppose any stimulus proposals that carve out special treatment for or bail out any energy companies and focus instead on stopping COVID-19.”
The full list of signatories is below:21Coronavirus Stimulus Letter, Life:Powered, March 23, 2020. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
April 23, 2018
The Media Research Center, represented by Saulius “Saul” Anuzius, was among 22 groups signed on to an open letter asking President Trump to ignore recent criticism of EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt.22“Coalition letter to the President on Scott Pruitt,” (PDF) Heartland Institute. Archived .pdf on file with DeSmog.
In a speech to the U.S. Senate, a group of Democratic senators identified the organizations as front groups for the Koch Brothers and other wealthy donors, nicknamed the “Web of Deceit.” The senators outlined how, in addition to funding from the Koch network, many of the groups use untraceable “dark money” funneled through groups like Donors Capital Fund and Donors Trust to influence legislation, particularly with regards to climate and pollution.
Senator Whitehouse outlined it as “a web of deceit conceived and bankrolled by the Koch brothers and other self-interested billionaires to advocate for very selfish and unpatriotic policies.” Whitehouse added: “This web of deceit has infiltrated and populated the Trump administration, and it is swamping the interests of everyday Americans.23Senator Whitehouse. “Time to wake up: Web of Deceit,” Whitehouse.senate.gov. April 23, 2018. Archive.is URL: https://archive.li/HzIsa
The full list of pro-Pruitt signatories and their respective organizations is as follows:
- Saulius “Saul” Anuzius – 60 Plus Association
- Fred Birnbaum – Idaho Freedom Foundation
- L. Brent Bozell III – Media Research Center
- Amy Oliver Cooke – Independence Institute
- Wesley Denton – Conservative Partnership Institute
- Viv Forbes – The Carbon Sense Coalition
- Frank J Gaffney – Center for Security Policy
- Steve Goreham – Climate Science Coalition of America
- Phil Kerpen – American Commitment
- Andrew Langer – Institute for Liberty
- Lisa B. Nelson – American Legislative Exchange Council
- Rick Manning – Americans for Limited Government
- Jenny Beth Martin – Tea Party Patriots Citizens Fund
- William Perry Pendley – Mountain States Legal Foundation
- Thomas Pyle – American Energy Alliance
- George Rasley – ConservativeHQ.com
- Sandy Rios – American Family Association
- Craig Richardson – Energy & Environment Legal Institute
- Craig Rucker – Committee for a Constructive Tomorrow (CFACT)
- Dr Jameson Taylor – Missisippi Center for Public Policy
- Kyle Wingfield – Georgia Public Policy Foundation
July 28, 2015
The MRC Business reported that James Hansen’s recent study about rising sea levels had “zero credibility,” citing an unnamed geologist as their source.24Joseph Rossell. “Media Hype Hansen’s Latest ‘Alarming’ Prediction: Sea Levels to Rise 10 Feet,” MRC Business, July 28, 2015. Archived January 19, 2016. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/TQNDn
MRC Busines salso quotes Climate Depot‘s Marc Morano as saying “The world needs to take a collective yawn at Hansen’s latest claims and ask how in the world was this man ever allowed to be in charge of the NASA temperature datasets.”25Joseph Rossell. “Media Hype Hansen’s Latest ‘Alarming’ Prediction: Sea Levels to Rise 10 Feet,” MRC Business, July 28, 2015. Archived January 19, 2016. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/TQNDn
June, 2004
The Media Research Center raised $2.8 million for newspaper ads in 15 markets, billboards in 40 cities and a talk-radio blitz aimed at countering what he sees as a “liberal jihad” that is unfair to President Bush, writes The Washington Post. The MRC’s uses the slogan “Don’t believe the liberal media!”26Howard Kurtz. “Hear No Lichtblau, See No Lichtblau,” The Washington Post, June 28, 2004. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/bSLTw
“This is a media that in the last year has gotten out of control,” MRC President Brent Bozell says. “They’re so blatant in the way they slant the news. […] It’s as if people in newsrooms have just taken off the gloves, whether it’s foreign policy, economic news or political news, there’s a spin on everything that’s said.”
March 2008
The Media Research Center’s project, Business & Media Institute (BMI), released a “special report” titled “Global Warming Censored” where they claimed that news networks were one-sided and not giving climate change skeptics enough coverage in mainstream media.27Dan Gainor and Julia A. Seymour. “Global Warming Censored,” MRC Business, March 3, 2008. Archived January 19, 2016. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/bSLTw
“[T]here are hundreds of scientists from around the world who question the global warming ‘consensus’ – but in the news the latter half of 2007 you had to look hard to find them,” Dan Gainor and Julia A. Seymour write in the article.28Dan Gainor and Julia A. Seymour. “Global Warming Censored,” MRC Business, March 3, 2008. Archived January 19, 2016. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/bSLTw
2007
The MRC’s Business and Media Institute published its first special report on global warming, titled “Fire & Ice,” which it claimed “exposed the media’s warnings about impending climate doom during four different times in the last century switching from worries over global cooling to warming to cooling to warming again.” 29Dan Gainor. “Fire and Ice,” Media Research Center, November 3, 2010. Archived January 19, 2016. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/N12rc 30Julia A. Seymour. “Media Myth: Networks Stick to Warming Theme Despite Avalanche of Chilling News,” MRC Business, March 4, 2009. Archived January 19, 2016. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/T9wHJ
In the “Recommendations” section of the BMI report, Dan Gainor questions mainstream climate science:
”[…] Most scientists do agree that the earth has warmed a little more than a degree in the last 100 years. That doesn’t mean that scientists concur mankind is to blame. Even if that were the case, the impact of warming is unclear.”31Dan Gainor. “Fire and Ice,” Media Research Center, November 3, 2010. Archived January 19, 2016. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/N12rc
Related Organizations
- CNSNews.com
- NewsBusters
- TimesWatch
- Culture and Media Institute
- MRC Action Team
- Cybercast News Service (CNSNews.com)
- The Parents Television Council32(Press Release). “PTC President Bozell Announces Decision to Step Down and Welcomes Tim Winter as New President,” ParentsTv.org. Archived February 26, 2008. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/1KSQW
Social Media
- @theMRC on Twitter.
- “Media Research Center” on Facebook.
- “Media Research Center” on LinkedIn.
Other Resources
Resources
- 1“To Create a Media Culture in America Where Truth and Liberty Flourish,” Media Research Center. Archived January 19, 2016. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/qc4rY
- 2“Another Nail In The Liberal Media’s Coffin,” Media Research Center, October 25, 2012. Archived December 30, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/SYnTp
- 3“Business & Media Institute,” Business and Media Institute, Archived February 16, 2008. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 4“About the Business and Media Institute,” Media Research Center Network. Archived December 30, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/b21af
- 5Sean Long. “Joe Bastardi: Media Just ‘Want to Be Popular’ on Climate Change,” MRC Business, July 21, 2014. Archived December 30, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/AkXuy
- 6“About Us,” CNSNews.com. Archived December 30, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/uOVmJ
- 7“Media Research Center,” SourceWatch.
- 8(Press Release). “PTC President Bozell Announces Decision to Step Down and Welcomes Tim Winter as New President,” ParentsTv.org. Archived February 26, 2008. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/1KSQW
- 9Julia A. Seymour. “Media Myth: Networks Stick to Warming Theme Despite Avalanche of Chilling News,” MRC Business, March 4, 2009. Archived January 19, 2016. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/T9wHJ
- 10Julia A. Seymour. “Media Myth: Networks Stick to Warming Theme Despite Avalanche of Chilling News,” MRC Business, March 4, 2009. Archived January 19, 2016. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/T9wHJ
- 11“Scaife Family Foundations,” DeSmog.
- 12“Media Research Center,” Conservative Transparency. Accessed January 19, 2016. Data on file at DeSmog.
- 13“Media Research Center,” Conservative Transparency. Accessed January 19, 2016. Data on file at DeSmog.
- 14Andy Kroll. “Exposed: The Dark-Money ATM of the Conservative Movement,” Mother Jones, February 5, 2013. Archived July 24, 2015. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/cNiyF
- 15“FACTSHEET: MEDIA RESEARCH CENTER, MRC,” ExxonSecrets. Archived March 31, 2017.
- 16“Contact,” Media Research Center. Archived May 28, 2016. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/XIIBN
- 17Ailan Evans. “EXCLUSIVE: Big Tech Censored Dozens Of Doctors, Over 800 Accounts For COVID-19 ‘Misinformation,’ Study Shows,” The Daily Caller, February 9, 2022. Archived April 25, 2022. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/TouUp
- 18Dana Drugmand. “Under Cover of Pandemic, Fossil Fuel Interests Unleash Lobbying Frenzy,” DeSmog, April 2, 2020.
- 19Coronavirus Stimulus Letter, Life:Powered, March 23, 2020. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 20Coronavirus Stimulus Letter, Life:Powered, March 23, 2020. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 21Coronavirus Stimulus Letter, Life:Powered, March 23, 2020. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog.
- 22“Coalition letter to the President on Scott Pruitt,” (PDF) Heartland Institute. Archived .pdf on file with DeSmog.
- 23Senator Whitehouse. “Time to wake up: Web of Deceit,” Whitehouse.senate.gov. April 23, 2018. Archive.is URL: https://archive.li/HzIsa
- 24Joseph Rossell. “Media Hype Hansen’s Latest ‘Alarming’ Prediction: Sea Levels to Rise 10 Feet,” MRC Business, July 28, 2015. Archived January 19, 2016. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/TQNDn
- 25Joseph Rossell. “Media Hype Hansen’s Latest ‘Alarming’ Prediction: Sea Levels to Rise 10 Feet,” MRC Business, July 28, 2015. Archived January 19, 2016. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/TQNDn
- 26Howard Kurtz. “Hear No Lichtblau, See No Lichtblau,” The Washington Post, June 28, 2004. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/bSLTw
- 27Dan Gainor and Julia A. Seymour. “Global Warming Censored,” MRC Business, March 3, 2008. Archived January 19, 2016. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/bSLTw
- 28Dan Gainor and Julia A. Seymour. “Global Warming Censored,” MRC Business, March 3, 2008. Archived January 19, 2016. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/bSLTw
- 29Dan Gainor. “Fire and Ice,” Media Research Center, November 3, 2010. Archived January 19, 2016. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/N12rc
- 30Julia A. Seymour. “Media Myth: Networks Stick to Warming Theme Despite Avalanche of Chilling News,” MRC Business, March 4, 2009. Archived January 19, 2016. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/T9wHJ
- 31Dan Gainor. “Fire and Ice,” Media Research Center, November 3, 2010. Archived January 19, 2016. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/N12rc
- 32(Press Release). “PTC President Bozell Announces Decision to Step Down and Welcomes Tim Winter as New President,” ParentsTv.org. Archived February 26, 2008. Archived .pdf on file at DeSmog. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/1KSQW