Tony Abbott

Credentials

• Bachelor of Economics (BEc), University of Sydney.¹“Hon Tony Abbott MP,” Parliament of Australia. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/fnujD
• Bachelor of Laws (LLB), University of Sydney.²“Hon Tony Abbott MP,” Parliament of Australia. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/fnujD
• Bachelor of Arts in Politics and Philosophy, Queen’s College, University of Oxford.³“Profile: Tony Abbott,” BBC, September 14, 2015. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/YNCs4

Background

Tony Abbott was Prime Minister of Australia between 2013 and 2015, having led the centre-right Liberal Party in opposition since 2009. He was ousted as Liberal Party leader by Malcolm Turnbull in September 2015 following poor approval ratings.⁴“Hon Tony Abbott MP,” Parliament of Australia. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/fnujD ⁵“Australian PM Tony Abbott ousted by Malcolm Turnbull,” BBC, September 15, 2015. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/7860v

Other political roles he has held include Minister for Women, Leader of the House and Minister for Employment and Workplace Relations. Abbott lost his parliamentary seat in the 2019 elections to an independent candidate who “campaigned strongly on a platform of climate change”, according to the Sydney Morning Herald.⁶“Hon Tony Abbott MP,” Parliament of Australia. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/fnujD ⁷Jacqueline Maley, Fergus Hunter. “Abbott loses Warringah after huge primary vote for Steggall,” Sydney Morning Herald, May 18, 2019. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/1vOyp

Abbott has historically opposed measures to combat climate change, advocating for the (ultimately successful) repeal of Australia’s carbon tax in 2014, introduced by the previous Labor government. In 2009, Abbott resigned from the shadow cabinet of Malcolm Turnbull, in protest at Turnbull’s support for the government’s proposed emissions trading scheme. The resignation of Abbott and a number of other shadow ministers led to a leadership contest that Abbott won by a single vote.⁸“Abbott quits as new leadership revolt escalates,” The Age, November 26, 2009. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/d5hCV ⁹“Shock win for Abbott in leadership vote,” ABC, November 30, 2009. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/8HJiJ

In 2017, he gave a lecture entitled “Daring to Doubt” to the UK-based climate science denial group the Global Warming Policy Foundation (GWPF), following in the footsteps of fellow Australian PM John Howard.¹⁰Karl Mathiesen. “Climate change ‘probably doing good’, says former Australian PM Abbott,” Climate Home News, October 9, 2017. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/QVksq

Abbott joined the GWPF’s board of trustees in February 2023, stating that the organisation has “consistently injected a note of realism into the climate debate”.¹¹(Press release). “Tony Abbott, former Australian prime minister, joins the GWPF,” Global Warming Policy Foundation, February 6, 2023. Archived February 6, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/XEeRH ¹²Michaela Herrmann and Phoebe Cooke. “Former Australian PM Tony Abbott Joins UK Climate Denial Group,” DeSmog, February 6, 2023.

Abbott has close ties to the influential right-wing thinktank, the Institute of Public Affairs, which has regularly invited him to give speeches. In 2013, the group published a series of policy recommendations to abolish climate measures, several of which were adopted by Abbott’s government in September of that year.¹³Louise Yaxley. “Tony Abbott says Australia letting itself down, questions Malcolm Turnbull’s policy formula,” ABC, June 27, 2017. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/FxC8j ¹⁴Graham Readfearn. “Climate Denial Think Tank’s Plans To Abolish Climate Change Departments in Australia,” DeSmog, March 21, 2013.

Abbott began his career as a journalist for The Bulletin and The Australian, as well as briefly managing a concrete factory. He later became press secretary and political adviser to Liberal Party opposition leader John Hewson.¹⁵Tony Abbott. “Tony Abbott reveals his Liberal beliefs and how his public and private lives shaped him,” The Daily Telegraph, December 1, 2009. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/liCiu

Immediately before being elected as an MP for Warringah in 1994, Abbott worked as the first Executive Secretary of the Australians for Constitutional Monarchy group, which works to “preserve, protect and defend the Australian Constitution, the role of the Crown in it, and our National Flag”.¹⁶“History of ACM,” Australians for Constitutional Monarchy. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/WqZiz

In September 2020, Abbott was appointed to the Government’s “Board of Trade,” advising Secretary of State Liz Truss on the negotiation of new agreements with countries such as Australia.¹⁷“Tony Abbott: Ex-Australian PM appointed UK trade adviser,” BBC News, September 4, 2020. Archived September 7, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/1ZAsV

Stance on Climate Change

February 6, 2023

In a statement announcing he had joined the board of trustees at the Global Warming Policy Foundation, the UK’s primary climate denial group, Abbott said:¹⁸(Press release). “Tony Abbott, former Australian prime minister, joins the GWPF,” Global Warming Policy Foundation, February 6, 2023. Archived February 6, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/XEeRH

“I’m pleased to be joining GWPF because it’s consistently injected a note of realism into the climate debate. All of us want to save the only planet we have but this should not be by means which impoverish poorer people in richer countries and hold poorer countries back. Right now, in countries like Australia, the impact of climate policy is to make electricity less affordable and less reliable rather than perceptibly to cool the planet. We need more genuine science and less groupthink in this debate – that’s where the GWPF has been a commendably consistent if lonely voice.”

October 1, 2022

During a panel event at the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) in Sydney, Abbott said:¹⁹Courtney Gould. “Tony Abbott says ‘moral bullies’ can’t force Australians to support republic,” The West Australian, October 1, 2022. Archived October 10, 2022. Archive URL: https://archive.is/NEh6x

“I don’t like the climate cult. I don’t like the virus hysteria. I can’t understand the gender fluidity push. I don’t like magic pudding economics and I particularly dislike the cultural self-loathing.”

October 9, 2017

In a 2017 lecture Abbott gave to the Global Warming Policy Foundation, he said:²⁰Karl Mathiesen. “Climate change ‘probably doing good’, says former Australian PM Abbott,” Climate Home News, October 9, 2017. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/QVksq

“Even if reducing emissions really is necessary to save the planet, our effort, however Herculean, is barely-better-than-futile; because Australia’s total annual emissions are exceeded by just the annual increase in China’s.”

Abbott also said:

“At least so far, it’s climate change policy that’s doing harm. Climate change itself is probably doing good; or at least, more good than harm.”

“There’s the evidence that higher concentrations of carbon dioxide – which is a plant food after all – are actually greening the planet and helping to lift agricultural yields. In most countries, far more people die in cold snaps than in heatwaves, so a gradual lift in global temperatures, especially if it’s accompanied by more prosperity and more capacity to adapt to change, might even be beneficial.”

At another point in his speech, Abbott said:²¹Karl Mathiesen. “Climate change ‘probably doing good’, says former Australian PM Abbott,” Climate Home News, October 9, 2017. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/QVksq

“Contrary to the breathless assertions that climate change is behind every weather event, in Australia the floods are not bigger, the bushfires are not worse, the droughts are not deeper or longer, and the cyclones are not more severe than they were in the 1800s. Sometimes, they do more damage but that’s because there’s more to destroy, not because their intensity has increased.”

September 1, 2013

When asked about his views on climate change during an appearance on ABC‘s Insiders show, Abbott said:²²“Tony Abbott joins Insiders,” ABC, September 1, 2013. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/hDMrh

“I think that climate change is real, humanity makes a contribution. It’s important to take strong and effective action against it, and that is what our direct action policy does.”

“The important thing is to take strong and effective action to tackle climate change, action that doesn’t damage our economy. And that is why the incentive-based system that we’ve got, the direct action policies, which are quite similar to those that president Obama has put into practice, is – that’s the smart way to deal with this, a big tax is a dumb way to deal with it.”

Key Quotes

October 20, 2020

Speaking to Institute of Economic Affairs (IEA) Director-General, Mark Littlewood at a virtual event held by the thinktank on the “future of UK trade,” Abbott said:²³“The Future of UK Free Trade with the Hon Tony Abbott,” YouTube video uploaded by user iealondon on November 6, 2020. Archived .mp4 on file at DeSmog.

“So look, this idea that Australians practice cruelty to animals is absolutely nonsensical and while our rules might still differ in some small respect from Britain’s, our standards would be in all meaningful respects, just as high… 

“I would be confident in respect of Canada and probably the United States as well, that you could do a deal that focuses on trade without in some way conniving at a reduction in environmental standards or a reduction in labour standards or a reduction in animal welfare standards because we’re talking here about decent, sensible countries with very strong lobbies, quite properly, to protect animals and to protect the environment.”

December 15, 2019

Abbott appeared on an Israel Public Broadcasting Corporation radio show in which he said:²⁴Graham Readfearn. “Tony Abbott, former Australian PM, tells Israeli radio the world is ‘in the grip of a climate cult’,” Guardian, January 3, 2020. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/kCV7S

“While we still seem to be in the grip of a climate cult, the climate cult is going to produce policy outcomes that will cause people to wake up to themselves.”

He also said during the interview:

“The last thing we should do is drive our industries offshore and be putting pressure on household budgets and risk third world-style blackouts all in the name of climate change. We have got to be sensible and balanced and proportionate about these things and I don’t think other policymakers are right now.”

July 3, 2018

In a speech to the climate science denial group the Australian Environment Foundation, Abbott called for Australia to withdraw from the Paris Agreement and incorrectly said:²⁵Katharine Murphy. “Tony Abbott urges withdrawal from Paris agreement, despite signing Australia up as PM,” Guardian, July 3, 2018. Archived January 13, 2020. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/Lyo4j

“Storms are not more severe; droughts are not more prolonged; floods are not greater; and fires are not more intense than a century ago – despite hyperventilating reportage and over-the-top claims from Green politicians.

“Sea levels have hardly risen and temperatures are still below those of the medieval warm period. Over time, temperature change seems to correlate rather more with sun spot activity than with carbon dioxide levels.

“And even if carbon dioxide, a naturally occurring trace gas that’s necessary for life, really is the main climate change villain, Australia’s contribution to mankind’s emissions is scarcely more than 1%.”

The AEF was established by the right-wing Institute of Public Affairs thinktank in 2005 and has campaigned against carbon pricing and wind energy.²⁶Graham Readfearn. “Inside the AEF, the climate denial group hosting Tony Abbott as guest speaker,” Guardian, June 14, 2018. Archived January 13, 2020. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/SGMSr

Key Actions

February 6, 2023

Abbott joined the GWPF’s board of trustees, stating that the organisation has “consistently injected a note of realism into the climate debate”.²⁷(Press release). “Tony Abbott, former Australian prime minister, joins the GWPF,” Global Warming Policy Foundation, February 6, 2023. Archived February 6, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/XEeRH ²⁸Michaela Herrmann and Phoebe Cooke. “Former Australian PM Tony Abbott Joins UK Climate Denial Group,” DeSmog, February 6, 2023.

September 4, 2020

Abbott was appointed to the Government’s “Board of Trade,” advising Secretary of State Liz Truss on the negotiation of new agreements with countries such as Australia. His appointment came despite widespread concern over his record on women’s and LGBT+ rights and climate science denial.²⁹“Tony Abbott: Ex-Australian PM appointed UK trade adviser,” BBC News, September 4, 2020. Archived September 7, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/1ZAsV

June 27, 2017

Abbott gave a speech to the Institute of Policy Affairs in which he “called on the Coalition to focus intently on cost of living pressures and renewed his attack on the renewable energy target, blaming it for making gas and coal unaffordable”, according to a report by ABC. He also rejected a proposed clean energy target and said a new coal-fired power station should be built as soon as possible, with government funding if necessary.³⁰Louise Yaxley. “Tony Abbott says Australia letting itself down, questions Malcolm Turnbull’s policy formula,” ABC, June 27, 2017. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/FxC8j

January 29, 2017

Abbott called for Australia’s renewable energy target to be scrapped in a speech to a Young Liberals conference, claiming it would destroy heavy industry in South Australia due to rising electricity costs, ABC reported. The policy was defended by the Energy Minister as “moderate” compared to a Labor Party proposal.³¹Henry Belot. “Government defends renewable energy target after Tony Abbott’s renewed criticism,” ABC, January 29, 2017. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/nVvYx

July 12, 2015

Abbott’s government announced its plans to ban the government-backed Clean Energy Finance Corporation (CEFC) from investing in existing wind technology as well as small-scale solar projects.³²Shalailah Medhora. “Abbott government extends renewable energy investment ban to solar power,” Guardian, July 12, 2015. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/9DHII

June 10, 2015

Abbott appeared on radio host Alan Jones‘ show during which he said he thought wind farms were “visually awful” and could have “potential health impacts”.³³Lenore Taylor. “Tony Abbott agrees windfarms may have ‘potential health impacts’,” Guardian, June 10, 2015. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/LdhAM

December 1, 2009

After defeating Liberal Party leader Malcolm Turnbull in a leadership contest, Abbott conducted a secret ballot among Liberal MPs and Senators on the government’s proposed emissions trading scheme. The party voted overwhelmingly against, “guaranteeing the death of the Rudd Government’s ETS,” ABC reported.³⁴Phillip Coorey. “Shock result as Abbott wins Liberal leadership by one vote … ETS dead,” ABC, December 1, 2009. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/lAEg8

October 9, 2013

DeSmog revealed that Abbott had surrounded himself with a number of advisers who reject mainstream climate science. They included Maurice Newman, who has described climate change as a “smokescreen” for “vested interests” and Nick Minchin, who played a key role in helping Abbott oust Malcolm Turnbull in 2009.³⁵Graham Readfearn. “Australia’s New Prime Minister Surrounded By Climate Science Denying Voices and Advisors,” DeSmog, October 9, 2013.

Affiliations

• Liberal Party — Prime Minister of Australia (2013-2015), Opposition Leader (2009-2013).³⁶“Hon Tony Abbott MP,” Parliament of Australia. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/fnujD
• Institute of Policy Affairs — Has given multiple speeches.³⁷Louise Yaxley. “Tony Abbott says Australia letting itself down, questions Malcolm Turnbull’s policy formula,” ABC, June 27, 2017. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/FxC8j
• Global Warming Policy Foundation — Member, Board of Trustees.³⁸Press release). “Tony Abbott, former Australian prime minister, joins the GWPF,” Global Warming Policy Foundation, February 6, 2023. Archived February 6, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/XEeRH Gave annual lecture in 2017.³⁹Karl Mathiesen. “Climate change ‘probably doing good’, says former Australian PM Abbott,” Climate Home News, October 9, 2017. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/QVksq
• The Australian — Former journalist.⁴⁰Tony Abbott. “Tony Abbott reveals his Liberal beliefs and how his public and private lives shaped him,” The Daily Telegraph, December 1, 2009. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/liCiu
• Australians for Constitutional Monarchy — Executive Secretary (1993-1994).⁴¹“History of ACM,” Australians for Constitutional Monarchy. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/WqZiz
• Australian Environment Foundation — Gave speech in 2018.⁴²Katharine Murphy. “Tony Abbott urges withdrawal from Paris agreement, despite signing Australia up as PM,” Guardian, July 3, 2018. Archived January 13, 2020. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/Lyo4j

Social Media

• @HonTonyAbbott on Twitter.
• @HonTonyAbbott on Facebook.

Publications

• A Strong Australia, Liberal Party of Australia, 2012.
• Battlelines, Melbourne University Press, 2009.
• How to Win the Constitutional War: and give both sides what they want, Wakefield Press, 1997.
• The Minimal Monarchy: and why it still makes sense for Australia, Wakefield Press, 1995.

Resources

• 1
  “Hon Tony Abbott MP,” Parliament of Australia. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/fnujD
• 2
  “Hon Tony Abbott MP,” Parliament of Australia. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/fnujD
• 3
  “Profile: Tony Abbott,” BBC, September 14, 2015. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/YNCs4
• 4
  “Hon Tony Abbott MP,” Parliament of Australia. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/fnujD
• 5
  “Australian PM Tony Abbott ousted by Malcolm Turnbull,” BBC, September 15, 2015. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/7860v
• 6
  “Hon Tony Abbott MP,” Parliament of Australia. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/fnujD
• 7
  Jacqueline Maley, Fergus Hunter. “Abbott loses Warringah after huge primary vote for Steggall,” Sydney Morning Herald, May 18, 2019. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/1vOyp
• 8
  “Abbott quits as new leadership revolt escalates,” The Age, November 26, 2009. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/d5hCV
• 9
  “Shock win for Abbott in leadership vote,” ABC, November 30, 2009. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/8HJiJ
• 10
  Karl Mathiesen. “Climate change ‘probably doing good’, says former Australian PM Abbott,” Climate Home News, October 9, 2017. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/QVksq
• 11
  (Press release). “Tony Abbott, former Australian prime minister, joins the GWPF,” Global Warming Policy Foundation, February 6, 2023. Archived February 6, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/XEeRH
• 12
  Michaela Herrmann and Phoebe Cooke. “Former Australian PM Tony Abbott Joins UK Climate Denial Group,” DeSmog, February 6, 2023.
• 13
  Louise Yaxley. “Tony Abbott says Australia letting itself down, questions Malcolm Turnbull’s policy formula,” ABC, June 27, 2017. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/FxC8j
• 14
  Graham Readfearn. “Climate Denial Think Tank’s Plans To Abolish Climate Change Departments in Australia,” DeSmog, March 21, 2013.
• 15
  Tony Abbott. “Tony Abbott reveals his Liberal beliefs and how his public and private lives shaped him,” The Daily Telegraph, December 1, 2009. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/liCiu
• 16
  “History of ACM,” Australians for Constitutional Monarchy. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/WqZiz
• 17
  “Tony Abbott: Ex-Australian PM appointed UK trade adviser,” BBC News, September 4, 2020. Archived September 7, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/1ZAsV
• 18
  (Press release). “Tony Abbott, former Australian prime minister, joins the GWPF,” Global Warming Policy Foundation, February 6, 2023. Archived February 6, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/XEeRH
• 19
  Courtney Gould. “Tony Abbott says ‘moral bullies’ can’t force Australians to support republic,” The West Australian, October 1, 2022. Archived October 10, 2022. Archive URL: https://archive.is/NEh6x
• 20
  Karl Mathiesen. “Climate change ‘probably doing good’, says former Australian PM Abbott,” Climate Home News, October 9, 2017. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/QVksq
• 21
  Karl Mathiesen. “Climate change ‘probably doing good’, says former Australian PM Abbott,” Climate Home News, October 9, 2017. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/QVksq
• 22
  “Tony Abbott joins Insiders,” ABC, September 1, 2013. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/hDMrh
• 23
  “The Future of UK Free Trade with the Hon Tony Abbott,” YouTube video uploaded by user iealondon on November 6, 2020. Archived .mp4 on file at DeSmog.
• 24
  Graham Readfearn. “Tony Abbott, former Australian PM, tells Israeli radio the world is ‘in the grip of a climate cult’,” Guardian, January 3, 2020. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/kCV7S
• 25
  Katharine Murphy. “Tony Abbott urges withdrawal from Paris agreement, despite signing Australia up as PM,” Guardian, July 3, 2018. Archived January 13, 2020. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/Lyo4j
• 26
  Graham Readfearn. “Inside the AEF, the climate denial group hosting Tony Abbott as guest speaker,” Guardian, June 14, 2018. Archived January 13, 2020. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/SGMSr
• 27
  (Press release). “Tony Abbott, former Australian prime minister, joins the GWPF,” Global Warming Policy Foundation, February 6, 2023. Archived February 6, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/XEeRH
• 28
  Michaela Herrmann and Phoebe Cooke. “Former Australian PM Tony Abbott Joins UK Climate Denial Group,” DeSmog, February 6, 2023.
• 29
  “Tony Abbott: Ex-Australian PM appointed UK trade adviser,” BBC News, September 4, 2020. Archived September 7, 2020. Archive.fo URL: https://archive.fo/1ZAsV
• 30
  Louise Yaxley. “Tony Abbott says Australia letting itself down, questions Malcolm Turnbull’s policy formula,” ABC, June 27, 2017. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/FxC8j
• 31
  Henry Belot. “Government defends renewable energy target after Tony Abbott’s renewed criticism,” ABC, January 29, 2017. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/nVvYx
• 32
  Shalailah Medhora. “Abbott government extends renewable energy investment ban to solar power,” Guardian, July 12, 2015. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/9DHII
• 33
  Lenore Taylor. “Tony Abbott agrees windfarms may have ‘potential health impacts’,” Guardian, June 10, 2015. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/LdhAM
• 34
  Phillip Coorey. “Shock result as Abbott wins Liberal leadership by one vote … ETS dead,” ABC, December 1, 2009. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/lAEg8
• 35
  Graham Readfearn. “Australia’s New Prime Minister Surrounded By Climate Science Denying Voices and Advisors,” DeSmog, October 9, 2013.
• 36
  “Hon Tony Abbott MP,” Parliament of Australia. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/fnujD
• 37
  Louise Yaxley. “Tony Abbott says Australia letting itself down, questions Malcolm Turnbull’s policy formula,” ABC, June 27, 2017. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/FxC8j
• 38
  Press release). “Tony Abbott, former Australian prime minister, joins the GWPF,” Global Warming Policy Foundation, February 6, 2023. Archived February 6, 2023. Archive URL: https://archive.ph/XEeRH
• 39
  Karl Mathiesen. “Climate change ‘probably doing good’, says former Australian PM Abbott,” Climate Home News, October 9, 2017. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/QVksq
• 40
  Tony Abbott. “Tony Abbott reveals his Liberal beliefs and how his public and private lives shaped him,” The Daily Telegraph, December 1, 2009. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/liCiu
• 41
  “History of ACM,” Australians for Constitutional Monarchy. Archived January 10, 2019. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/WqZiz
• 42
  Katharine Murphy. “Tony Abbott urges withdrawal from Paris agreement, despite signing Australia up as PM,” Guardian, July 3, 2018. Archived January 13, 2020. Archive.fo URL: http://archive.md/wip/Lyo4j